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Magnuson-Stevens Act

+. =. Magnuson-Stevens Act. 16 U.S.C. §§ 1801 et seq. 1976 Fishery Conservation and Management Act (FCMA) Established Fishery Conservation Zone (FCZ)/EEZ Established Councils, management structure, national standards. required provisions, discretionary provisions

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Magnuson-Stevens Act

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  1. + = Magnuson-Stevens Act 16 U.S.C. §§ 1801 et seq.

  2. 1976 Fishery Conservation and Management Act (FCMA) Established Fishery Conservation Zone (FCZ)/EEZ Established Councils, management structure, national standards. required provisions, discretionary provisions 1996 Sustainable Fisheries Act (SFA) Increased focus on sustainability/rebuilding/accountability; Sec. 304 (e) EFH 2006 Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Reauthorization Act (MSRA) Annual Catch Limits (ACLS) and Accountability Measures (AMS) Limited Access Privilege Program (LAPP) Increase in role of Science Background and History

  3. 1976 Initial Version-Facts & Figures • 34 pages • 25 Definitions • 7 National Standards • 5 Required Provisions • 7 Discretionary Provisions

  4. 1976 Version-National Standards (1) End overfishing; achieve OY (2) Use best available scientific info (3) Manage stocks as a unit (4) Allocate fairly and equitably (5) Promote efficiency in utilization (6) Consider variations and contingencies • Minimize costs and avoid duplication

  5. 1976 Version-Required Provisions (1) Prevent overfishing; rebuild; protect, restore, promote long-term health and stability (2) Describe fishery (3) Specify MSY and OY (4) Specify capacity and domestic harvest and processing of OY (5) Specify the data to be submitted

  6. 1976 Version-Discretionary Provisions (1) Require permits and fees (2) Designate zones and times where fishing restrictions apply (area-based) (3) Establish restrictions on catch, sale, and transshipment, (4) Include gear requirements (5) Incorporate State measures (6)Establish a limited access system (7) Prescribe other measures, requirements, or conditions and restrictions necessary and appropriate for the conservation and management of the fishery

  7. 1990 Version-Facts & Figures • New Name –Magnuson FCMA • 64 Pages • 32 Definitions • Still 7 National Standards • 9 Required Provisions • 10 Discretionary Provisions

  8. 1990 Version-Required Provisions (1) Prevent overfishing; rebuild; protect, restore, promote long-term health and stability (2) Describe fishery (3) Specify MSY and OY (4) Specify capacity and domestic harvest and processing of OY (5) Specify the data to be submitted (6) Provide for temporary adjustments to address unsafe ocean conditions (7) Identify information about EFH (8) Specify the scientific data needed to implement the plan (9) Include fishery impact statement

  9. 1990 Version-Discretionary Provisions (1) Require permits and fees (2) Designate zones and times where fishing restrictions apply (area-based) (3) Establish restrictions on catch, sale, and transshipment, (4) Include gear requirements (5) Incorporate State measures (6) Establish a limited access system (7) Require processors to submit data (8) Require observer coverage (9) Assess and specify the effect of the FMP on anadramous fish (10)Prescribe other measures, requirements, or conditions and restrictions necessary and appropriate for the conservation and management of the fishery

  10. 1996 VersionSustainable Fisheries Act-F & F • Another Name:Magnuson-Stevens FCMA • 121 Pages • 45 Definitions • 10 National Standards • 14 Required Provisions • 12 Discretionary Provisions • Section 304 (e)-Rebuilding/Accountability Requirements • Essential Fish Habitat

  11. 1996 Version--National Standards • End Overfishing; achieve OY (2) Use best available scientific info (3) Manage stocks as a unit (4) Allocate fairly and equitably (5) Consider efficiency in utilization (6) Consider variations and contingencies • Minimize costs and avoid duplication • Consider fishing communities & economic impacts (9) Minimize Bycatch (10) Promote safety at sea

  12. 1996 Version-Required Provisions (1) Prevent overfishing; rebuild; protect, restore, promote long-term health and stability (2) Describe fishery (3) Specify MSY and OY (4) Specify capacity and domestic harvest and processing of OY (5) Specify the data to be submitted (6) Include temporary adjustments to address unsafe ocean conditions (7) Essential fish habitat: identify, minimize impacts from fishing. (8) Specify the scientific data needed to implement the plan (9) Include fishery impact statement (10) Overfished/overfishing definitions:objective and measurable criteria (11) Bycatch: reporting methodology and measures to minimize (12) Assess number, types, and mortality of fish caught and released recreationally; minimize mortality and ensure the extended survival (13 )Describe sectors (commercial, recreational, and charter); quantify landings trends by sector (14) Allocate restrictions and benefits fairly and equitably among sectors.

  13. 1996 Version-Discretionary Provisions (1) Require permits and fees (2) Designate zones and times where fishing restrictions apply (area-based) (3) Establish restrictions on catch, sale, and transshipment, (4) Include gear requirements (5) Incorporate State measures (6) Establish a limited access system (7) Require processors to submit data (8) Require observer coverage (9) Assess and specify the effect of the FMP on anadramous fish (10) Include harvest incentives for reduced bycatch (11) Reserve a portion of the allowable biological catch for use in research (12) Prescribe other measures, requirements, or conditions and restrictions necessary and appropriate for the conservation and management of the fishery

  14. 2006 Version-Reauthorization ActFacts & Figures • 170 Pages • 50 Definitions • 10 National Standards • 15 Required Provisions • 13 Discretionary Provisions • Limited Access Privilege Program (Sec. 303A) • Increased Role of SSC

  15. 2006 Version-Required Provisions (1) Prevent overfishing; rebuild; protect, restore, promote long-term health and stability (2) Describe fishery (3) Specify MSY and OY (4) Specify capacity and domestic harvest and processing of OY (5) Specify the data to be submitted (6) Use Temporary adjustments to address unsafe ocean conditions (7) Essential fish habitat: identify, minimize impacts from fishing. (8) Specify the scientific data needed to implement the plan (9) Fishery impact statement (10) Overfished/overfishing definitions: objective and measurable criteria (11) Bycatch: reporting methodology and measures to minimize (12) Number, types, and mortality of fish caught and released recreationally; minimize mortality and ensure the extended survival (13 )Describe sectors (commercial, recreational, and charter); quantify landings trends by sector (14) Allocate restrictions and benefits fairly and equitably among sectors. (15)Establish Annual Catch Limits (ACLs) and Accountability Measures (AMs)

  16. 2006 Version-Discretionary Provisions (1) Require permits and fees (2) Designate zones and times where fishing restrictions apply (area-based) (3) Establish restrictions on catch, sale, and transshipment, (4) Include gear requirements (5) Incorporate State measures (6) Establish a limited access system (7) Require processors to submit data (8) Require observer coverage (9) Assess and specify the effect of the FMP on anadramous fish (10) Include harvest incentives for reduced bycatch (11) Reserve a portion of the allowable biological catch for use in research (12) Conserve target and non-target species and habitat considering ecology (14)[sic] Prescribe other measures, requirements, or conditions and restrictions necessary and appropriate for the conservation and management of the fishery

  17. Regulatory Response • 1990 – All U.S. Fishery Regs:472 Pages • NE Multispecies-15 Pages • 2004-All U.S. Fishery Regs:1012 Pages • NE Multispecies: 63 Pages • 2008-All U.S. Fishery Regs: 1487 Pages • NE Multispecies: 85 Pages (Pre A16)

  18. Management Tensions • Ending Overfishing and Rebuilding (NS 1,RP1, 304(e) vs. • OY—National, Local (Def., NS 1, RP1,304(e)) • Fairness and Equity (NS 4) • Economic Impacts (NS 5,6,7,8, RP 1,9,14) • Efficiency(Def.,OY,NS 5,7) • Safety at Sea(NS 10, RP 6)

  19. Management Tensions Cont’d • Bycatch vs. Management measures • EFH vs. Management Measures • Single Species vs. Mixed Species • Long-Term vs. Short-Term Benefits • One Fishery vs. Another Fishery • Commercial vs. Recreational • One Gear vs. Another Gear • International vs. Domestic • State vs. Federal • Aquaculture vs. Wild Fishing

  20. Procedural Tensions • Amendment vs. Framework • Emergency/Interim Rule vs. Council Action • Secretarial Amendment vs. Council Amendment • Approval vs. Disapproval/Partial Approval • Proposed Rule vs. Interim Final Rule

  21. Other Applicable Law Tensions • U.S. Constitution, Amendment 5 • National Environmental Policy Act • Administrative Procedure Act • Marine Mammal Protection Act • Endangered Species Act • Regulatory Flexibility Act • Coastal Zone Management Act • Information Quality Act • National Marine Sanctuaries Act • Executive Orders

  22. Council Make-up Tensions • Commercial Fishermen • Recreational Fishermen • Shoreside Interests/Processors/Dealers • Environmentalists • Native Americans • State Managers • Academics • Federal Manager • Change-over every 3-9 years

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