Making Models of Atoms and Molecules

1. Making Models of Atoms and Molecules

2. 1) Has anyone ever really SEEN an atom? Not with the naked eye, of course! How do we know they exist? Fancy machines like this scanning tunneling microscope allow us to see evidence of their existence.

3. 2) Why are models helpful? They help us visualize things we can’t see. Some models show us very small things (like atoms) up close while other models help us see very BIG things (like the solar system) all at one time.

4. 3) How many different subatomic particles does an atom have? Three: proton (+) neutron (0) electron (-)

5. 4) Where are these subatomic particles located in the atom? proton - in the nucleus neutron - in the nucleus next to the protons electron - speeding around in the electron cloud

6. 5) Which of the subatomic particles (if any) move about? The electrons!

7. 6) How can we use the periodic table to determine the number of protons in an atom? • The number of protons = the atomic number. • Every different type of atom (element) has a different atomic number. • You can think of this as its personal ID number.

8. 7) How can we use the periodic table to determine the number of electrons in an atom? Number of electrons = number of protons

9. 8) How can we use the periodic table to determine the number of neutrons in an atom? Atomic mass– number of protons = number of neutrons 95.94 ~ 96 (round off) 96-42 = 54 neutrons

10. Let’s begin! • Protons – yellow peas • Neutrons – brown peas • Electrons – sprinkles

11. Fill out your card and get it checked before you glue any parts. Name & Symbol of atom: _______________________________ ______ Atomic number: _________ Atomic mass (rounded off): ________ # of protons: __________ # of neutrons: ___________ # of electrons: __________ # of valence electrons: _________ Electron Configuration: ________________________________________ Student Name: ______________________________________________

12. What will our atoms look like?

13. What will our molecules look like?

16. We will be counting the atoms and the different elements in each molecule. The next slide will show you how to add the information to each box. Name of molecule: _____________________ Formula: _____________________________ # of Atoms=____ # of Elements=____ Compound? Yes or No? (See the next slide)

17. We will be counting the atoms and the different elements in each molecule. Add this info to each card as shown in red below. Name of molecule: _____________________ Formula: _____________________________ A=____ E=____ C- _______

18. water H2O

19. carbon dioxide CO2

20. oxygen O2 O O

21. ethanol C2H6O

22. nitrogen N2

23. nitric acid HNO3

24. ozone O3 O O O

25. chlorine dioxide ClO2

26. hydrogen peroxide H2O2

27. ammonia NH3

28. hydrogen H2

29. fluorine F2 F F

30. methane CH4

31. nitroglycerin C3H5N3O9 Can you pick out the atoms?

32. oil of spearmint C10H14O Can you pick out the atoms?

33. glucose C6H12O6

34. sucrose C12H22O11 Each white sphere represents a hydrogen atom (black = carbon, red = oxygen)

35. The following are ionic compounds and they are not considered molecules (which have covalent bonds.)

36. magnesium fluoride MgF2

37. baking soda NaHCO3

38. potassium nitrate KNO3 O N O K O

39. potassium chloride KCl

40. rust Fe2O3 yields

41. salt NaCl

42. sodium hydroxide NaOH