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Reproductive behavior. Gender and reproduction. Gender Based on sex Sex Reproduction Fusion of male and female gametes Formation of diploid zygote from two haploid cells Genetics. Reproduction Courtship Bringing male and female together Ritual and behaviors
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Gender and reproduction • Gender • Based on sex • Sex • Reproduction • Fusion of male and female gametes • Formation of diploid zygote from two haploid cells • Genetics
Reproduction • Courtship • Bringing male and female together • Ritual and behaviors • Different between male and female (gender role) • All aspects of life • Role of male • Deposition of sperm • Brief • Disposable
Role of female • Extended in mammals • Considered as precious resource • Social structure
Reproductive behavior • Critical • Passing of genetic materials • One of the greatest motivation for courtship • Humans • Complex behavior • Complex mental capacity • Cultural view and role of men and women
Reproduction and sex • Linked through biological and genetic inheritance • Reproduction and gender • Linked loosely through cultural inheritance • Courtship • Coitus
Role of pleasure • Sexual intercourse regardless of fertility • Emotional aspects of relationship • Cultural significance • Economics • Social • Inheritance • Legality
Sexuality • Courtship and intercourse • Pleasure • Sexual excitement • Eros • Sexuality • Very broad meaning • meaning of being man or woman • Inner excitement and outward expression
Sexual individual • Erotically functional • Physical • Mental • Asexual individual • Void of erotic functions
Classification of sexuality • Based on object of sexual arousal • Extremely wide range • Not mutually exclusive • Contribute to complexity of human sexuality • May change over time • Stimuli • Variety • Sexual identity (inner arousal) • Sex stereotype (societal view)
Classification of sexuality • Based on object of sexual arousal • Extremely wide range • Stimuli • Social acceptability • Legal • Moral • Religious
Sexual orientation • Person’s erotic and romantic attraction • Heterosexual • Homosexual • Bisexual
Formation of sexual identity • Identification of sexual orientation • Heterosexuality • Infants • Polymorphrously perverse • Erotic attraction to anyone or anything • Resolve of sexual identity • Early age • Somewhat unclear
Homosexuality • Six-stage model by Cass (1979) • Identity confusion (who am I?) • Social and identity comparison (I may be gay) • Identity tolerance (I probably am gay) • Identity acceptance (I am gay) • Coming out of closet • Identity pride (I feel good, you are bad) • Identity synthesis (Being gay is a part of me)
Homosexuality • Stage of identity formation • Somewhat ambiguous • Individual sexual identity • Group membership identity development
Bisexuality • Four-stages of development by Weinberg et al (1994) • Initial confusion • Applying a label • Settling into an identity • Continued uncertainty
Formation of sexual identity • Genetics and anatomy • Highly unlikely • Too much variations • No selective advantages in some behaviors/preferences • Social learning • Social adaptation rather than biological adaptation
Hormones • Androgens • May affect hypothalamus • Not conclusive
Relationship between sexuality and gender • Gender and heterosexuality • Females • Characteristics/behaviors that are attractive to males • Males • Characteristics/behaviors that are attractive to females • Generation of stereotypes • Complicates how social learning affects sexual identity