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Isolated I/OAdvantage: full addresses are availableDisadvantages:IO/M' to choose memory or I/O portspecial program instructions to perform I/O: IN, OUTMemory Mapped I/OP makes no distinction between memory and I/OAdvantages: easy to program and more programming flexibilityno special instru

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    1. Input/Output Addressing pt7-IO-1

    2. pt7-IO-2

    3. Hardware for I/O Addressing pt7-IO-3

    4. Scheduled I/O: Polling pt7-IO-4

    5. Demand-Based I/O: Interrupts pt7-IO-5

    6. Interrupt Handling pt7-IO-6

    7. I/O Data Transfer and DMA pt7-IO-7

    8. pt7-IO-8

    9. Intersystem Links pt7-IO-9

    10. Intersystem Communication Media pt7-IO-10

    11. Comparing Intersystem Links pt7-IO-11

    12. Buses and Their Appeal pt7-IO-12

    13. Bus Components and Types pt7-IO-13

    14. Bus Communication Protocols pt7-IO-14

    15. Example Bus Operation pt7-IO-15

    16. Peripheral Component Interconnect PCI: a local bus standard for connecting peripherals to a PC. 1993(1991) by Intel. Plug-and-Play Functionality Standard PCI is 32 bit and operates at 33 MHz     32-Bit throughput 133 MB/sec PCI 2.1 introduced     Universal PCI cards supporting both 3.3V and 5V     64 Bit slots and 66 MHz capability     32-Bit throughput @ 66 MHz: 266 MB/sec     64-Bit throughput @ 66 MHz: 532 MB/sec PCI 2.3 system no longer supports 5V-only adapters     3.3V and Universal PCI products are still fully supported pt7-IO-16

    17. Comparison of 5v and 3.3v PCI Slots & Cards pt7-IO-17

    18. PCI-X (extended): a technology developed in 1998 by IBM, HP and Compaq. Doubled the clock speeds (66Mhz ->133Mhz). Backward compatible PCIe (express): was created in 2004 by Intel as a replacement for the PCI. PCI Express doesn't offer any backward compatibility to legacy PCI cards. based on point-to-point connections or "lanes.” -> scalability pt7-IO-18

    19. pt7-IO-19

    20. Bus Arbitration and Performance pt7-IO-20

    21. Some Simple Bus Arbiters pt7-IO-21

    22. Daisy Chaining pt7-IO-22

    23. Interfacing Standards pt7-IO-23

    24. Standard Connectors pt7-IO-24

    25. USB3.0 pt7-IO-25

    26. USB3.0 Cable Details pt7-IO-26

    27. pt7-IO-27

    28. pt7-IO-28

    29. pt7-IO-29

    30. pt7-IO-30

    31. pt7-IO-31

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