Preventing Water Leakage through Construction Joints in RCC Water Contact Structures

1. Preventing Water Leakagethrough Construction Jointsin RCC Water Contact Structures

2. PREFORMED COMPRESSIBLE WATERSTOPS

4. Overhead Water TankSources of Water Leakage Construction Joints

5. Inclined Construction Joint Horizontal Construction Joint Sump Tank, Swimming Pool, Sewage Treatment Plants………..Sources of Water Leakage Construction Joints Construction Joints

6. Vertical Construction Jointin Final Roof Slabs which cannot be cast in one goWater may Leak through the joint shown by dotted line Construction Joint

7. Vertical Construction joint in BasementSources of Water Leakage Construction joint

8. Basement Construction JointsSources of Water LeakageWall Floor Joint and all around columns

9. Construction Joints are present in….. • Overhead Water Tanks • Swimming Pools • Basements • Underground Reservoirs • Water Treatment Plants • Sewage Treatment Plants

10. Typical Construction Joint for Basement Vertically Held Vibrator unable to consolidate concrete here hence Construction Joint gap Water enters here

11. The Nagging Problem • Leakage of water through the improperly executed Construction Joint

12. Swimming Pool Leakagefrom bottom joint This is a movie file. Please wait a few seconds. It will play automatically.

13. Basement LeakagePlease observe leakage around column base when ground water table risesThis is a movie file. Please wait a few seconds. It will play automatically.

14. Stopping Water Leaks • Engineers have tried various methods to solve this problem • - during Concreting • - after Concreting

15. Painting with Epoxy • Painting with epoxy bonding agent • Question: How can a gap get filled with a coat of epoxy ? • Debonding is not the problem, existence of a gap is the problem • Hence Unsuccessful method

16. PVC Waterbar sketch

17. The next slide is a 20 second movie slide. Kindly wait a few seconds for it to start playing. • Please go to the next slide only after concrete pours onto the PVC water bar. • It shows problems that a PVC waterbar can create and after that, contrasts it with a preformed waterstop. Thank you.

18. PVC Waterbar

19. PVC Waterbar Problems 1 • Half of it has to be inserted during concreting • Generally difficult to insert due to obstruction by rebar • Folds over during next lift of concreting and forms a tunnel in which water can leak • Never bonds with concrete

20. PVC Waterbar Problems 2 • End to end should be spliced with PVC Welding equipment which is generally not available at site • Different sizes of strips have to be maintained to resist different heads of water. Chances of mix-up are very high

21. After Concreting • Grouting into Construction Joints • Generally unsuccessful • Expensive, tedious, time consuming

22. The Right Approach SYNKOFLEX Compressible Flexible Waterstop

23. SYNKOFLEX Compressible Flexible Waterstop

24. SYNKOFLEX Compressible Waterstop

25. Waterstop Application

26. A Simple SolutionThis is a movie file. Please wait a few seconds. It will play automatically.

27. The next slide is a 15 second movie slide. Kindly wait a few seconds for it to start playing. • Please note how concrete flows all around the Synkoflex and seals the joint with Synkoflex acting like a gasket. Such a compressed seal will never fail.

28. Laying Synkoflex cross sectional view

31. How to use - 1

32. How to use – 2

33. How to use - 3

34. RETAINING WALL FOOTINGS RAFT SLAB Application of SYNKOFLEX Waterstopin Basement Construction Jointsa) Wrap Synkoflex around column base.b) Also stick to wall along the perimeter of basement

35. WATERSTOP Application of SYNKOFLEX Waterstopin Final Roof JointAfter first phase of concrete pour, stick Synkoflex as shown and then continuewith the second pour to get a 100 percent leak free joint

36. Vertical joints – Nail the SynkoflexThis is a movie file. Please wait a few seconds. It will play automatically.

37. Pipe JointsThis is a movie file. Please wait a few seconds. It will play automatically.

38. Laying Synkoflex in basement jointsThis is a movie file. Please wait a few seconds. It will play automatically.

39. Synkoflex • Single component, self sealing compound • Packed between two self release wrappers • Bonds to cured concrete • Fuses with fresh concrete during hydration

40. Properties of Synkoflex - 1 • Environmentally Safe • Can be used for drinking water tanks • Does not depend on chemical action, swelling, oxidizing for its action • Flexibility of Synkoflex is forever

41. Properties of Synkoflex - 2 • Never shrinks, cracks or dries out • Inert to acids, alkalies and sewage • Can be stored indefinitely • Can be laid using unskilled labour • Need not be laid when concrete is green

42. Effectiveness • Designed to resist water head of 20 mtrs (65 feet) of water when placed in properly designed and compacted M 20 grade concrete • Tests have confirmed that Synkoflex is effective upto 32 mtrs (105 ft) • TRFI test confirms unequivocally for 20 mtrs water head

43. Effectiveness • In extreme cases, can be used even under standing water

45. Used since 1968 in • Tunnels • Potable Water reservoirs • Sewage Treatment Plants • Fish Hatcheries • Waste Water Treatment Plants • Swimming Pools • Water Tanks

46. Where else to use • Joint between Old roof and new roof • Joint between Column and Floor when new floor is being cast • Basement Floor (Raft Slab) Horizontal Joint • Basement Wall Vertical Joint

47. Where else to use • Topmost roof cast in two pours • Any joint between Old Concrete and new concrete provided thickness of concrete member is more than 150 mm • Pipe intrusions in Basement Retaining Walls

48. Where not to use • Expansion joints • Tanks which store petroleum based liquids

49. Case Study – Reservoirs • 200 reservoirs built by Govt. of Karnataka • No construction joint is leaking

50. Case Study – Old,New RCC • Landmark building in Karnataka • Was required to abut new roof to old roof • About 150 mtrs of Synkoflex used • No leakage anywhere