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International Business Law Sciences Po Paris Spring 2017

Explore the legal framework and practical aspects of international arbitration, including key principles, jurisdiction, enforceability, and costs. Learn about the differences between international and domestic arbitration, arbitration rules, and the role of arbitration agreements in resolving disputes.

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International Business Law Sciences Po Paris Spring 2017

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  1. International Business LawSciences Po ParisSpring 2017 Arbitration: Function and legal framework Giuditta Cordero-Moss, Ph.D., Dr.Juris Professor, Oslo University

  2. Is an arbitration clause really sufficient to exclude relevance of national law? • Fine as long as you are within the closed circuit (voluntary compliance) • But what if you need assistance to enforce the award?

  3. Arbitration • Private settlement of disputes • Alternative to courts

  4. Two main effects • It excludes national court’s jurisdiction • It results in an enforceable award

  5. Contractual or judicial? • Based on will of the parties • Enjoys judicial recognition

  6. Neutrality Expertise Confidentiality Finality Enforceability (New York Convention of 1958) Jurisdiction (New York Convention of 1958) Costs One party’s country General legal background Publicity Appeals Limited and not harmonised enforceability (Lugano Convention, Brussels I, Hague convention) Limited and not harmonised regulation of jurisdiction (Lugano Convention, Brussels I, Hague convention) Length Arbitration v. Courts

  7. ”International” Arbitration • Character of the dispute (France) • Residence of the Parties (Swiss, Sweden, Belgium) • Character or residence (Italy) • Character, residence or choice (UNCITRAL) • No need to distinguish (Holland, Germany, Norway)

  8. International v. domestic arbitration • Less formal requirements • Less interference by courts

  9. Mostly voluntarily carried out Venue chosen out of practical convenience Parties want flexibility If not voluntarily carried out, courts must intervene Venue determines arbitration law (e.g. Arbitrators’ injunctive powers), arbitrability, validity of award Parties want predictability Is International Arbitration International? (”Delocalisation”)

  10. Legal framework Soft law

  11. Sources interaction

  12. Arbitration agreement • Consent of the parties is the basis for the arbitral tribunal’s powers

  13. Arbitration agreement • Type of arbitration • Scope • [Seat] • [Number of arbitrators] • [Language] • [Procedural rules]

  14. http://www.sccinstitute.com/english-14.aspx Any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of or in connection with this contract, or the breach, termination or invalidity thereof, shall be finally settled by arbitration in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce. • Recommended additions: • The arbitral tribunal shall be composed of three arbitrators/a sole arbitrator. • The seat of arbitration shall be […]. • The language to be used in the arbitral proceedings shall be […]. • This contract shall be governed by the substantive law of […].

  15. http://uncitral.org/pdf/english/texts/arbitration/arb-rules-revised/arb-rules-revised-2010-e.pdfhttp://uncitral.org/pdf/english/texts/arbitration/arb-rules-revised/arb-rules-revised-2010-e.pdf Any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this contract, or the breach, termination or invalidity thereof, shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules. Note. Parties should consider adding: (a) The appointing authority shall be ... [name of institution or person]; (b) The number of arbitrators shall be ... [one or three]; (c) The place of arbitration shall be ... [town and country]; (d) The language

  16. Arbitration rules • Rules of the chosen institution • UNCITRAL Rules if chosen by the parties (in case of ad hoc arbitration) • Rules written by the parties in case of ad hoc arbitration • Rules determined by the arbitral tribunal in the absence of an agreement between the parties

  17. Arbitration rules • Constitution of the arbitral tribunal • Seat • Powers of the arbitral tribunal • Procedural rules • Costs

  18. http://uncitral.org/pdf/english/texts/arbitration/arb-rules-revised/arb-rules-revised-2010-e.pdfhttp://uncitral.org/pdf/english/texts/arbitration/arb-rules-revised/arb-rules-revised-2010-e.pdf • http://www.sccinstitute.com/filearchive/3/35894/K4_Skiljedomsregler%20eng%20ARB%20TRYCK_1_100927.pdf • http://www.lcia.org/Dispute_Resolution_Services/lcia-arbitration-rules-2014.aspx • http://www.iccwbo.org/Products-and-Services/Arbitration-and-ADR/Arbitration/Rules-of-arbitration/ICC-Rules-of-Arbitration/ • …

  19. Arbitration law • The arbitral procedure is regulated by arbitration law of the place of arbitration

  20. Arbitration law • Part of domestic legal system in each state • To a large extent harmonised thanks to the UNCITRAL Model Law • http://uncitral.org/uncitral/en/uncitral_texts/arbitration/1985Model_arbitration_status.html • Model Law is not binding • Even Model Law countries may have different regulation • Always check the local arbitration law!

  21. UNCITRAL Model Law • http://www.uncitral.org/uncitral/en/uncitral_texts/arbitration/1985Model_arbitration.html • Autonomous interpretation http://www.uncitral.org/uncitral/en/case_law.html

  22. Arbitration law • Recognition of arbitration agreements • Arbitrability • Role of courts • Constitution of the arbitral tribunal • Seat • Powers of the arbitral tribunal • Procedural rules • Costs • Mandatory principles on due process • Validity of arbitral awards • Enforcement of arbitral awards

  23. New York Convention • http://www.uncitral.org/uncitral/en/uncitral_texts/arbitration/NYConvention.html • Ratified by 150 countries: http://www.uncitral.org/uncitral/en/uncitral_texts/arbitration/NYConvention_status.html • Autonomous interpretation: http://newyorkconvention1958.org/index.php?lvl=cmspage&pageid=11&provision=142&sub_provision=1

  24. Convention • Recognition of arbitration agreements • Enforcement of arbitral awards

  25. Soft law • IBA Rules on taking of evidence http://www.ibanet.org/Document/Default.aspx?DocumentUid=68336C49-4106-46BF-A1C6-A8F0880444DC • IBA Rules on conflict of interest http://www.ibanet.org/Document/Default.aspx?DocumentUid=e2fe5e72-eb14-4bba-b10d-d33dafee8918

  26. Soft law • Matters within the discretion of arbitral tribunal • Is a valuable guideline in the exercise of discretion • But: [2016] EWHC 422 (Comm)

  27. Arbitration law and rules • http://www.uncitral.org/pdf/english/texts/arbitration/ml-arb/07-86998_Ebook.pdf • http://www.uncitral.org/pdf/english/texts/arbitration/NY-conv/XXII_1_e.pdf • http://www.uncitral.org/uncitral/en/uncitral_texts/arbitration/2006recommendation.html

  28. Materials on the Model Law, the New York Convention, the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules • http://www.uncitral.org/uncitral/en/case_law/digests/mal2012.html • http://www.uncitral.org/uncitral/en/case_law.html • http://newyorkconvention1958.org/ • http://www.uncitral.org/uncitral/en/uncitral_texts/arbitration/2012Recommendations.html

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