Chapter 1 Into the Internet

1. Chapter 1 • Into the Internet

2. Objectives • Define the Internet • Describe how the Internet is used • Discuss the history of the Internet and the World Wide Web • Describe how individuals and businesses connect to the Internet Chapter 1: Into the Internet

3. Defining the Internet • The Internet is a worldwide network of computers that allows individual and business users to share information and other resources • The Internet is an interconnected network of networks where each host has a number of other computers connected to it • Users who connect to the Internet to access information are online Chapter 1: Into the Internet

4. Defining the Internet Chapter 1: Into the Internet

5. Using the Internet • The Internet has profoundly changed nearly every aspect of life by revolutionizing how: • People access information for personal and business use • Individual shoppers or commercial buyers purchase products and services • Students do their school work • People communicate with friends, family, colleagues, and others • Businesses interact with their customers, vendors, and business partners Chapter 1: Into the Internet

6. Using the Internet Chapter 1: Into the Internet

7. Using the Internet • Who Uses the Internet? • Students • Businesspeople • Professionals • Homemakers • Retirees • Hobbyists • Consumers Chapter 1: Into the Internet

8. Using the Internet • Internet Activities • Browsing and searching for information on the World Wide Web • Communicating with others through e-mail, chat, instant messaging, Web-based discussion groups, newsgroups, mailing lists, blogs, and other social media • Downloading and uploading files • Logging on to remote computers • Conducting business activities Chapter 1: Into the Internet

9. Using the Internet • Internet Activities – The World Wide Web • Web pages – created using HTML or Web authoring software and connected by hyperlinks • Web site – collection of related Web pages • College, university, corporate, retail, non-profit, personal • Web server – computer on which Web pages are stored • Web browser – software used to view Web pages • Used to browse or "surf" the Web Chapter 1: Into the Internet

10. Using the Internet Chapter 1: Into the Internet

11. Using the Internet Chapter 1: Into the Internet

12. Using the Internet • Internet Activities (cont'd) • Search tools • Web-based resource to help find specific information on the Web Chapter 1: Into the Internet

13. Using the Internet • Internet Activities (cont'd) • E-mail – users send and receive text with or without attached files • Instant messaging (IM) – two or more users take turns exchanging brief messages • Internet Relay Chat (IRC) or chatting – users type text into a chat window; all users can see what other users type • Newsgroups and mailing lists – users subscribe to a newsgroup discussion or mailing list on a certain topic and receive messages about that topic • Social media – users share information, photos, links, and personal commentary using a variety of online tools Chapter 1: Into the Internet

14. Using the Internet • Internet Activities (cont'd) • Downloading and uploading files – using FTP to send or retrieve electronic files from a server • Music, video, data • Logging on to a remote computer – using Telnet to log on to a remote computer to use its processing power Chapter 1: Into the Internet

15. Using the Internet Chapter 1: Into the Internet

16. Using the Internet • Internet Activities (cont'd) • Conducting business activities • E-commerce • E-business models • B2C • B2B • B2E • C2C Chapter 1: Into the Internet

17. History of the Internet • Origins in ARPANET • Department of Defense founded ARPA to promote computer and scientific research • J.C.R. Licklider headed computer and information research • Leonard Kleinrock developed packet switching • ARPANET – prototype network connecting ARPA and university research centers Chapter 1: Into the Internet

18. History of the Internet • Growth and Development of ARPANET • Ray Tomlinson developed e-mail (1971) • Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn developed standard or protocol for communications over a network TCP and IP (1972) • Beyond Research, to the Public • NSFnet replaced ARPANET (1985) • Congress authorized commercial activity on the NSFnet (1992) • NSFnet moved connections to commercial network providers (1995) Chapter 1: Into the Internet

19. History of the Internet • The Beginnings and Rise of the Web • Gopher at University of Minnesota • Directory-based system • Made it easier to find documents on Internet-connected servers Chapter 1: Into the Internet

20. History of the Internet • The Beginnings and Rise of the Web (cont'd) • Tim Berners-Lee (1991) • Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) • Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) • First Web browser and Web server • Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina (1993) • Mosaic browser • Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark (1994) • Netscape Navigator browser Chapter 1: Into the Internet

21. History of the Internet Chapter 1: Into the Internet

22. History of the Internet • The Beginnings and Rise of the Web (cont'd) • New research networks • Internet2 (I2) • CANARIE Chapter 1: Into the Internet

23. Connecting to the Internet • Internet Service Providers (ISPs) • Provide access to the Internet • Considerations for choosing an ISP • The speed or bandwidth of the connection • The type of connection and cost of service • Availability of customer service and technical support Chapter 1: Into the Internet

24. Connecting to the Internet Chapter 1: Into the Internet

25. Connecting to the Internet • Connection Methods • Dial-up access • Computer uses standard telephone lines and a modem to access the Internet • Mostly home users • Two types: • Regular dial-up • High-speed dial-up Chapter 1: Into the Internet

26. Connecting to the Internet • Connection Methods (cont'd) • Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) • An “always on” high-speed Internet connection over standard telephone lines • Broadband transmission splitting telephone wire into data and voice • Requires firewall protection to prevent intrusion by outsiders • Home • Businesses Chapter 1: Into the Internet

27. Connecting to the Internet • Connection Methods (cont'd) • Cable • An “always on” high-speed Internet connection over cable TV lines • Cable modem and line splitter required • Firewall protection needed Chapter 1: Into the Internet

28. Connecting to the Internet • Connection Methods (cont'd) • Fixed wireless connections • Microwave • Line-of-sight transmission Chapter 1: Into the Internet

29. Connecting to the Internet • Connection Methods (cont'd) • Fixed wireless connections (cont'd) • One way or two way satellite transmissions Chapter 1: Into the Internet

30. Connecting to the Internet • Connection Methods (cont'd) • Mobile Wireless • Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies to connect to networks • Wireless access point – hardware that connects wireless devices to a network • Hotspot – specific geographic location in which a wireless access point provides public Internet access Chapter 1: Into the Internet

31. Connecting to the Internet • Connection Methods (cont'd) • Mobile Broadband (cont'd) • GSM/GPRS card installed in a computer to allow it to connect to a wireless network • Cell phones, smartphones, or PDAs can connect to the Internet • High-Speed Business Connections • Businesses typically use high-speed fiber-optic cable such as a T1 line connected to their local area network to provide Internet access to employees Chapter 1: Into the Internet

32. Connecting to the Internet Chapter 1: Into the Internet

33. Chapter 1 • Complete