Lesson 2: Spain’s Empire in the Americas

1. Lesson 2: Spain’s Empire in the Americas • Do Now: List as many countries in Europe as you can • Obj: Analyze Cortez Conquering of the Aztec • Resistance to Spain’s Empire in the Americas • “What is History” Reading • HW: Split Page Notes Pgs. # 42-48

2. The American Colonies Emerge Spain’s Empire in the Americas Chapter 2 Section 1

3. Vocabulary • Hernando Cortez • Conquistador • New Spain • Mestizo • Encomienda • Juan Ponce de Leon • New Mexico • Pope

4. Spain claims a New Empire • Hernando Cortez: • After landing in Mexico learns of wealth of Aztec • Marches his men 200 miles to the interior of Mexico • Convinces other Mexican people to join his ranks • Upon arrival his men are in awe of the city Tenochtitlan

7. Spain Claims a New Empire (cont) • Aztec emperor Montezuma believes Cortez is armored god • Bargains to give Cortez a share of the gold in Tenochtitlan • “a disease of the heart that only gold can cure” – Cortez • Cortez forced the Aztec mine for more gold • 1520 Aztec able to rebel and force the Spanish out • However; unable to cope with disease like small pox and measles • Cortez able to counter and burn Tenochtitlan; Aztec surrender • Build colony of New Spain and capital Mexico City on top of ruins

8. Spanish Model for Conquest • While establishing new empire in the Americas Spain used techniques from the re-conquest of Spain from the Moor’s in the 1400s • Spanish penisulares would marry native women • Creating a large mestizo population • While living among the Natives they forced them to work in a labor system called encomienda • 1542 the Spanish monarchy put an end to encomienda; which led to Spaniard’s to use African slaves instead

9. “Tell me, by what right or justice do you hold these Indians in such a cruel and horrible servitude?..Why do you keep them so oppressed and exhausted, without giving them enough to eat or curing them if the sickness they incur from the excessive labor you give them?...Are you not bound to love them as you love yourself? Don’t you understand this? Don’t you feel this? - Father Fray Antonio de Montesinos 1511

10. The Conquistadors Push North • Hopes of finding more gold and fears of other European nations coming to the American empire push Spain north • Spanish explores pushed into present day Florida, Arizona, Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Kansas (1540-1610) • Explores looked for new reserves of gold and silver and also to spread Roman Catholicism

11. Resistance to Spanish Rule • Conflict in New Mexico • While trying to convert N.A. priests would destroy sacred objects of the Native American culture • 1670- in Santa Fe priests and soldiers started forcing a tribute on the Native Americans • Any N.A. that practiced their native religion or failed to pay the tribute was beaten

12. Popè’s Rebellion • Popè: Native Pueblo religious leader in the South west US • Spanish priests punished Popè for his religious beliefs, calling them witchcraft • He was savagely whipped • 1680 he led a rebellion of 17,000 men against the Spanish in New Mexico • Followers burned churches, executed priets, and drove the Spanish out.

13. Reminders • HW: SPN Chapter 2 Section 1 • Leave it better than you found it!!!!