- cloned from the anterior horn tissues

1. Primer S2 (A) (B) AGAAGCTGGAAGAGTCAAAGGACACATTCTCCCCTCAAGCCCCAGTGGGA AGAAGCTGGAAGAGTCAAAGGACACATTCTCCCCTCAAGCCCCAGTGGGA Breast (C) CCCCACAAAA GATATGTTCA TGTCCTAATC CCCAGAATCT GCAAATGTTA TTTGGAAAAA GGGGTTTTGC AGATGTAATT AAGTTAAGAA TCTTGAGATAAGATCATCCT GGATTATCCA GGTAGCCTCA AAATCAAGTG ACAAGTGTCT TTGTAAGGGA CAAGTAGACC CATTACAGAG AAGACGACGC GCAGAAAAGG AGGAAGCAGT GTGCTCATGG AGGCGGAGAT TGGAGTGATG TAACCGCAAG CCGAGGAATG CTTATAGTCA CCAGAAGCTG GAAGAGTCAA AGGACACATT CTCCCCTCAA GCCCCAGTGG GAGCACGGCC CAGCTGGATT TTGGACTTCT GGCCTCCAGA ACTGTAAGAG AAATGTCCAT TGTCTTAAGC CAACCAGTTT GTGGTAGTTT GTTACAGCAG CCCCAGGAAA CTACTA . Breast (N) GCACGGCCCAGCTGGATTTTGGACTTCTGGCCTCCAGAACTAGACAGGGC Marker GATA-1 GCACGGCCCAGCTGGATTTTGGACTTCTGGCCTCCAGAACTAGACAGGGC Reverse CTCACTGTGTCACCCAGGGTGGAATACAGTGGTGTGATCATAGCTCACTG CTCACTGTGTCACCCAGGGTGGAATACAGTGGTGTGATCATAGCTCACTG GATA-2 AluJ element Cos7 HCT116 CAGCCTGGAATTCCTGGGCTCAAGCAACCCTGCCACCTCAGCCTTCCAAG CAGCCTGGAATTCCTGGGCTCAAGCAACCCTGCCACCTCAGCCTTCCAAG Forward Nkx2-5 Nkx2-5 1 556 bp TAGCTAGGACTACAGAACATCCATGATAGCAGTCTTCTGTAAATCGAACT TAGCTAGGACTACAGAACATCCATGATAGCAGTCTTCTGTAAATCGAACT 2 430 bp 3 315 bp TTTCAAGAATTCTCTGAAGGAACCAAGTAGGATATTCTTACATCATGACT Reverse TTTCAAGAATTCTCTGAAGGAACCAAGTAGGATATTCTTACATCATGACT Whn ELF-1 G I I M E E E Q K Y N Q S F TAATGTGAATGCAAGAACAAGAAATAGGTTTTATCTCTAAATATAATGAA (C) TAATGTGAATGCAAGAACAAGAAATAGGTTTTATCTCTAAATATAATGAA +1 TRANSCRIPTION START SITE P I D G T S I V N L V S L L T C D 1 2 3 11 Forward GGGCTGTGTGTAAACACTGACCCTGTCTCAATTCTAACAAGCATTTTAGA AluJ MaLR GGGCTGTGTGTAAACACTGACCCTGTCTCAATTCTAACAAGCATTTTAGA MaLR-derived promoter transcript (556 bp) 1) Q R H R S D Q S S S L M D G L M CATGAGTTTACATCGGCAAATGGGTTCAGATCGAGATCTTCAGTCCTCTG CATGAGTTTACATCGGCAAATGGGTTCAGATCGAGATCTTCAGTCCTCTG Control 1 2 10 M S L H R Q M G S D R D L Q S S MaLR-derived promoter transcript (430 bp) AluJ MaLR 2) A S S V S L P S V K K A P K K R R CTTCATCTGTGAGCTTGCCTTCAGTCAAAAAGGCACCCAAAAAAAGAAGA CTTCATCTGTGAGCTTGCCTTCAGTCAAAAAGGCACCCAAAAAAAGAAGA A S S V S L P S V K K A P K K R R 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 R I S I G S L F R K K D N K R K S ATTTCAATAGGCTCCCTGTTTCGGAGGAAAAAAGATAACAAACGTAAATC 1 2 11 3 Relative Luciferase Activity (Fold of pGL-2 control) ATTTCAATAGGCTCCCTGTTTCGGAGGAAAAAAGATAACAAACGTAAATC AluJ MaLR R I S I G S L F R K K D N K R K S 3) R E L N G G V D G I A S I E S I AAGGGAGCTAAATGGCGGGGTGGATGGAATTGCAAGTATTGAAAGTATAC AAGGGAGCTAAATGGCGGGGTGGATGGAATTGCAAGTATTGAAAGTATAC R E L N G G V D G I A S I E S I 115 bp 126 bp Primer AS2 RT-PCR Realtime RT-PCR Cloning & Sequencing Promoter assay Evolutionary Conservation of the Dorfin Gene Human 100 Dog Pig 77 100 Cattle 42 Mouse 100 Rat 100 Chicken Zebrafish - cloned from the anterior horn tissues Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Parkinson’s disease 분류 연구 genome genome 수준에서의 연구는 이루어지지 않았음 transcriptome cDNA 서열결정 northern blot으로 발현패턴 확인 ALS에서의 전사체 발현양 연구 proteome E3 activity의 확인 dorfin이 존재하는 위치확인 신경퇴행성질병과의 관련성 연구 RBRfamily의 계통연구 parkin과의 homology연구 활성메카니즘에 관련된 연구(VCP관련) CaR의 degradation에 미치는 영향 연구 Other region SINE 13% 16% LINE NM_015435.3  20% HERV element 8% Gene-related Sequence DNA element Pseudogene 3% 1% 36% Coding sequence 3% Expression and Promoter Activity of MaLR Element of Dorfin Gene Related to Parkinson’s Disease Abstracts Results & Discussion Dorfin containing RING-finger and IBR motifs is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is localized in Lewy bodies, a characteristic neuronal inclusion in Parkinson’s disease brains.  The Dorfin gene located on human chromosome 8q22.2 has showed 4.4 kb transcript and expressed ubiquitously in various tissues.  Here we found its alternatively spliced transcript variants which derived from MaLR (mammalian LTR-retrotransposon) insertion.  The MaLR-derived promoter transcripts are detected as two different types in all tissues examined, while breast tissue only showed three variant types.  Reporter gene assay of the promoter activity of MaLR element on Dorfin gene indicated good activity in human colon carcinoma cells (HCT-116).  These findings suggest that the MaLR element acquired the role of transcriptional regulation of Dorfin gene in various human tissues during primate evolution.. Expression of Dorfin gene by cellular promoter Skeletal muscle Adrenal gland Bone marrow Cerebellum Adult brain Spinal cord Fetal brain Fetal liver Placenta Trachea Prostate Thymus Thyroid Marker Marker Kidney Uterus Testis Heart Lung Liver Dorfin 494 bp 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Gapdh 195 bp Introduction Expression of Dorfin gene by MaLR-derived promoter Lung Relative Expression Testis Cerebellum Kidney Bone marrow In silico analysis of transcription binding sites of MaLR element Promoter Activity of the MaLR Element Materials & Methods References Sin HS, Huh JW, Kim DS, Kang DW, Min DS, Kim TH, Ha HS, Kim HH, Lee SY, Kim HS. 2006. Transcriptional control of the HERV-H LTR element of the GSDML gene in human tissues and cancer cells. Arch. Virol. [Epub ahead of print] Hishikawa N, Niwa J, Doyu M, Ito T, Ishigaki S, Hashizume Y, Sobue G. 2003. Dorfin localizes to the ubiquitylated inclusions in Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Am J Pathol. 163(2):609-619. Genome Information Lab