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Section 3 – Networked Storage

Section 3 – Networked Storage. Introduction. 本章目标及内容. 面对不断增长的信息需求和不断发展的网络技术，网络存储应运产生。本章分别介绍了网络存储环境下的直连存储、网络附加存储、光纤存储局域网、 IP 存储局域网和内容寻址存储，并深入介绍了这些网络存储结构的概念、结构特点、基本原理以及应用环境等方面的知识。 本章内容包括 5 个方面： 3.1 直连存储（ Direct Attached Storage ， DAS ）

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Section 3 – Networked Storage

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  1. Section 3 – Networked Storage Introduction

  2. 本章目标及内容 面对不断增长的信息需求和不断发展的网络技术，网络存储应运产生。本章分别介绍了网络存储环境下的直连存储、网络附加存储、光纤存储局域网、IP存储局域网和内容寻址存储，并深入介绍了这些网络存储结构的概念、结构特点、基本原理以及应用环境等方面的知识。 本章内容包括5个方面： 3.1 直连存储（Direct Attached Storage，DAS） 3.2 网络附加存储（Network Attached Storage，NAS） 3.3 光纤存储局域网络（Fibre Channel Storage Area Networks，SAN） 3.4 IP存储局域网（IP Storage Area Networks，IP SAN） 3.5 内容寻址存储（Content Addressed Storage，CAS） Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  3. Section Objectives Upon completion of this section, you will be able to: • Describe the elements, connectivity, and management of: Direct Attached Storage (DAS), Network Attached Storage (NAS), FC and IP Storage Area Networks (SAN), Content Addressed Storage (CAS) • Compare the benefits and challenges of each of the storage models Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  4. In this Section … This section contains the following modules: • Direct Attached Storage (DAS) • Networked Attached Storage (NAS) • Fibre Channel Storage Area Networks (FC SAN) • IP Storage Area Networks (IP SAN) • Content Addressed Storage (CAS) Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  5. Direct Attached Storage (DAS) Module 3.1

  6. Direct Attached Storage (DAS) After completing this module you will be able to: • Discuss the benefits of DAS based storage strategy • Describe the elements of DAS • Describe the connectivity options for DAS • Discuss DAS management considerations • Identify the best environments for DAS solutions Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  7. What is DAS? Internal External Direct Connect Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  8. DAS Benefits • Ideal for local data provisioning • Quick deployment for small environments • Simple to deploy in simple configurations • Reliability • Low capital expense • Low complexity Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  9. Connectivity Physical Elements of DAS Storage CPU • Motherboard • Clustered group of processors • Processor cards • Complete system • Internal • External • Hard disk(s) • CD-ROM drive • Optical drive • Removable media • Tape devices/tape library • RAID/intelligent array(s) • Portable media drives Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  10. DAS Connectivity Block-Level Access Protocols: • ATA (IDE) and SATA • Primarily for internal bus • SCSI • Parallel (primarily for internal bus) • Serial (external bus) • Buss and Tag • Primarily for external mainframe • Precursor to ESCON and FICON Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  11. DAS Connectivity: Internal Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  12. Internal DAS Connectivity Examples Parallel Connectivity Cables Serial Connectivity Cable 50-wire SCSI-2 cable 80-wire IDE cable 34-wire floppy cable Serial ATA cable Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  13. Example of an external connectivity cable DAS Connectivity: External External DAS HBA HBA Host Storage Device Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  14. DAS Management: Internal • Host provides: • Disk partitioning (Volume management) • File system layout • Data addressing • Direct Attached Storage managed individually through the server and the OS Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  15. DAS Management: External • Array based management • Availability – multi-path I/O • Lower TCO for managing data and storage Infrastructure Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  16. DAS Performance Considerations Factors to be considered for DAS performance: • Hard disks • Memory cache • Virtual memory (paging) • Storage controllers • Protocol supported (e.g. SCSI, FireWire, USB, etc.) • RAID level • Bus Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  17. Internal DAS Application Example Hard Drive 40 Pin Ribbon Cable Motherboard Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  18. External DAS Application Example Cable for external DAS connectivity ESCON HBA Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  19. DAS Challenges • Hosts must be directly connected • Data availability • Data slowdowns possible • CPU congestion, caching, multi-pathing • Scalability is limited • Number of connectivity ports to hosts • Number of addressable disks • Distance limitations • Downtime required for maintenance Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  20. Module Summary Key points covered in this module: • DAS can be: • An integrated part of the host computer • Directly connected to a single server • DAS is made up of a CPU, connectivity, and storage devices • There are several options within each of these categories • DAS connectivity uses block-level access protocols Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  21. Check Your Knowledge • What are the physical elements of DAS? • Give an example of when DAS is a good solution. • Describe internal DAS connectivity. • Describe external DAS connectivity. • What are some areas that you need to consider as part of DAS management? Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  22. Network Attached Storage (NAS) Module 3.2

  23. NAS – Network Attached Storage After completing this module, you will be able to: • Discuss the benefits of NAS based storage strategy • Describe the elements of NAS • Discuss connectivity options for NAS • Discuss NAS management considerations by environment • Identify the best environments for NAS solutions Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  24. In this Module … This module contains the following lessons: • What is NAS? • Managing a NAS Environment • NAS Application Examples Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  25. Lesson: What is NAS? Upon completion of this lesson, you should be able to: • Define NAS and describe its key attributes • List the benefits of NAS • Describe NAS connectivity Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  26. NAS Evolution Networked File Sharing Portable Mediafor File Sharing Networked PCs Stand Alone PC Network Attached Storage (NAS) Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  27. What is NAS? NAS is shared storage on a network infrastructure. Clients NAS Head Storage ApplicationServer PrintServer NAS Device Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  28. General Purpose Servers vs. NAS Devices Applications Print Drivers File System File System Operating System I/O Network Operating System Network Single Function Device(NAS Server) General Purpose Server(NT or Unix Server) Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  29. Why NAS? • Supports global information access • Improves efficiency • Provides flexibility • Centralizes storage • Simplifies management • Scalability • High availability – through native clustering • Provides security integration to environment (user authentication and authorization) Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  30. Customer Demands for NAS Have Changed T H E P A S T T O D A Y Critical BusinessApplications(Databases) Outside theData Center IntegratedInfrastructure Islands ofInformation EnterpriseManagement Tools andScripts Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  31. NAS Device Components NAS Device Network Interface NFS CIFS IP Network NAS Device OS Storage Interface SCSI, FC, or ATA Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  32. NAS File Services Protocols: NFS and CIFS Unix NAS Device NFS Network Interface NFS CIFS IP Network NAS Device OS Storage Interface CIFS Windows SCSI, FC, or ATA Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  33. Network File System (NFS) • Client/server application • Uses RPC mechanisms over TCP protocol • Mount points grant access to remote hierarchical file structures for local file system structures • Access to the mount can be controlled by permissions Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  34. Common Internet File System (CIFS) • Public version of the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol • Client applications access files on a computer running server applications that accept the SMB protocol • Better control of files than FTP • Potentially better access than Web browsers and HTTP Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  35. NAS Connectivity: A Closer Look NFS Application FTP, TelnetSMTP, SNMP Presentation XDR RPC Session Transport TCP, UDP IP Network ARP / RARP Data Link Not Defined Physical OSI Seven-Layer Module Internet Protocol Suite Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  36. I/O Example Application Storage Interface Block I/O to storage device Operating System Storage Protocol I/O Redirect NAS Operating System NFS / CIFS NFS / CIFS TCP/IP Stack TCP/IP Stack Network Interface Network Interface Client NAS Device IP Network Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  37. UNIX and Windows Information Sharing NFS Traffic FTP CIFS Traffic Protocol Layer Common File System (CFS) Multi-protocol support layer OS I/O layer Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  38. NAS Physical Elements • Data movers/filers • Management interface • Configure network interfaces • Create, mount, or export file system • Install, configure and manage all data movers/filers • Can be accessed locally or remotely • Connectivity • NAS head to storage • NAS head to network • Storage Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  39. Integrated vs. Gateway NAS Integrated NAS IP Network NAS Head NAS Gateway FC Fabric IP Network NAS Head Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  40. Integrated NAS System Integrated NAS System Direct Attach IP Network NAS Head Storage Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  41. Gateway NAS System Clients IP Network Application Servers IP Network FC Switch NAS Gateway Storage Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  42. Lesson Summary • A NAS server is an appliance optimized for file serving functions. • Generally it has a specialized operating system • NAS supports multiple protocols • NAS can be implemented as an integrated system or as a gateway Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  43. Lesson: Managing in a NAS Environment Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to: • Describe the issues involved in managing a NAS environment • Differentiate between the issues related to managing an integrated system vs. a gateway system Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  44. About Managing NAS Devices • Most ship with vendor management software • Have unique management issues • Require preliminary analysis • Need additional complementary software Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  45. NAS Management Concerns • Performance • Discovery • Space Management • Backup/Recovery • Asset Management Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  46. Managing NAS Environments • Managing an Integrated System • Both NAS component and the storage array are managed via NAS management software • Managing a Gateway System • NAS component managed via NAS management software • Storage array managed via array management software Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  47. Lesson Summary Key points covered in this lesson: • NAS management involves several areas: performance, discovery, space management, backup/recovery, and asset management • The management is handled differently in integrated and gateway NAS environments Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  48. Lesson: NAS Examples Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to: • Discuss environments that would benefit from a NAS solution including: • NAS solution for HTTP file server • NAS consolidation • NAS solution for Gateway NAS system Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  49. NAS HTTP File Server Scenario Current Environment Internal Users Business Clients Surfers, Shoppers LANs / WANs Web DatabaseTransactionMission CriticalServers SAN(Fibre Channel) Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

  50. NAS HTTP File Server Example Solution Internal Users Business Clients Surfers, Shoppers LANs / WANs HTTPServer NAS Head SAN(Fibre Channel) Database transactionmission critical servers Module TitleStorage Networking Overview

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