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RENAISSANCE THEATRE ARCHITECTURE

RENAISSANCE THEATRE ARCHITECTURE. by Virginia R. Francisco. Italian Practice is Major Influence . productions began 1470 but only on special occasions in temporary theatres. Emphasis on Scenery. even Serlio assumes no permanent building a theatre burned in Ferrara 1532

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RENAISSANCE THEATRE ARCHITECTURE

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  1. RENAISSANCE THEATRE ARCHITECTURE by Virginia R. Francisco V. R. Francisco

  2. Italian Practice is Major Influence • productions began 1470 • but only on special occasions • in temporary theatres V. R. Francisco

  3. Emphasis on Scenery • even Serlio assumes no permanent building • a theatre burned in Ferrara 1532 • but not known to be permanent V. R. Francisco

  4. Temporary Theatres in Halls • stadium-like seating around an orchestra • used to seat royal party • raised stage at ruler's eye level • front stage flat for actors • rear raked for scenery V. R. Francisco

  5. Scenery Not Meant to be Changed • Serlio’s 3 scenes were to be enough for all plays V. R. Francisco

  6. Development of Permanent Theatres • after 1550: the Baroque Era • new concern for authority • return to orthodoxy • under growing pressure from Protestantism V. R. Francisco

  7. Teatro Olimpico, Vicenza • oldest surviving permanent theatre in Europe • built 1585 by Olympic Academy, founded 1555 • specialized in Greek dramas • formerly produced on temporary stages V. R. Francisco

  8. Teatro Olimpico Designed by Palladio • a member of the Olympic Academy • student of Vetruvius and of Roman ruins V. R. Francisco

  9. Teatro Olimpico • in existing building • necessarily semi-elliptical seating • around a small orchestra • http://www.vicenzanews.it/APT_PRO/MUSEI/teatro_olimpico.htm V. R. Francisco

  10. Stage and Scenery • rectangular stage • fixed facade with 5 openings • modified by Scamozzi • street scenes in perspective V. R. Francisco

  11. Teatro at Sabbionetta • designed by Scamozzi, 1588 • first purpose-built theatre building • designed as one unit V. R. Francisco

  12. The Proscenium Arch • purpose is masking scene changes • served by downstage angle wings and border • early proscenium arches were temporary • oldest extant evidence is drawing • Bartolomeo Neroni, 1560 V. R. Francisco

  13. Permanent Proscenium Arches • early at Uffizi court theatre, Florence, 1586 • designed by Bartolomeo Neroni • destroyed in c. 18 V. R. Francisco

  14. Teatro Farnese at Parma • designed by Giovani Battista Aleotti, 1618 • first used 1628 • first surviving theatre with permanent proscenium arch • two more arches upstage • Auditorium Like Other Court Theatres • U-shaped stadium seating • large open orchestra V. R. Francisco

  15. Box, Pit, and Gallery Auditoria • used in middle ages in temporary theatres • used in London (1567), Paris (1558), Madrid (1579) public theatres V. R. Francisco

  16. Corrales in Spain • Madrid, several temporary, 1570’s • http://www.coh.arizona.edu/spanish/comedia/graphics/principe1.jpg • Almagro, n.d., now restored • http://www.coh.arizona.edu/spanish/comedia/graphics/almagro.html V. R. Francisco

  17. Standardized by Public Opera Houses • and professional opera troupes • first public theatre, San Cassiano, Venice, 1565 • Opera of SS Giovanni e Paolo, Venice, 1639 • plan is first extant evidence of bpg auditorium • five levels of galleries • first two divided into boxes • parterre V. R. Francisco

  18. Venice Public Opera House • Box, pit, and gallery auditorium • Proscenium arch stage • Wing, drop, and border scenery • La Fenice, 1789 • http://www.teatrolafenice.it/fenice/storia/frindpr.htm V. R. Francisco

  19. Surviving Renaissance Theatres • Drottingholms Slottsteater, 1766, Sweden • http://www.drottningholmsteatern.dtm.se/engelsk/eframes_index.htm • Cesky Krumlov, Czech Republic • 1680, reconstructed and equipped 1765 • http://www.ckrumlov.cz/uk/zamek/5nadvori/i_bd.htm V. R. Francisco

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