Do Now: What are the 4 types of author’s purpose?

1. Do Now: • What are the 4 types of author’s purpose? • This was Kathy's first baby-sitting job. She was so excited, but she was really nervous. Kathy's parents made her attend a baby-sitting workshop before she could baby-sit her neighbor's five-year-old son, Matthew. Kathy knew this was a lot of responsibility, but she thought she was ready. Kathy marched confidently to Matthew's house and waved goodbye to Matthew's parents. It seemed as soon as his parents left, Matthew fell and hit his chin on the coffee table. Without panicking, she remembered what she learned in her baby-sitting class and applied first-aid. • The author wants to show that 

2. How do I identify the author’s purpose? P – Persuade I – Inform E- Entertain S – Share/Describe

3. 1 • Notice the choices an author made about structure, features, word choice, voice, and point of view. 2 • Ask, “Why did the author choose to write this way instead of another way?”

4. How do you identify who is telling a story ? Who is telling the story? My father was a St. Bernard and my mother was a collie. This is what my mother told me. When I was well grown, I was sold and taken away, and I never saw my mother again. We said our farewells, and looked our last upon each other through our tears.

5. In this lesson you will learn how to identify who is telling a story by asking “Who is telling the story? How do I know?”

6. Narrator/Speaker Anarrator, or speaker, is the person who is telling you the story One day…

7. How do you identify who is telling a story ? Who is telling the story? My father was a St. Bernard and my mother was a collie. This is what my mother told me. When I was well grown, I was sold and taken away, and I never saw my mother again. We said our farewells, and looked our last upon each other through our tears.

8. Narrator/Speaker Anarrator, or speaker can tell a story in 1st person, 2ndperson, or 3rd personpoint of view. One day…

9. How someone sees something, their side of the story. Point of View: The perspective from which the story is told. The narrator is the person telling

10. Narrator is outside the story (key words: he, she, they). First two types: First Person and Third Person Narrator is inside the story (key words : I, my, we).

11. 3rd Person: • The story is told by an “outside narrator”, or someone who is not in the story. • Like a video camera, the narrator only reports what everyone is doing and saying. • What are some pronouns that will show third person point of view? • he, she, they, them 1st Person: • The main character will tell you his or her story • The narrator uses pronouns like “I” • This is similar to hearing a person tell you about what happened to them personally, or what they saw happen first hand. • What are some other pronouns that can be used to show first person point of view? me, we, us, our, myself

12. 1st Person: • The main character will tell you his or her story • The narrator uses pronouns like “I” • This is similar to hearing a person tell you about what happened to them personally, or what they saw happen first hand. • What are some other pronouns that can be used to show first person point of view? me, we, us, our, myself When I arrived at school, I went straight down to the cafeteria to say hello to all of my friends. I knew they would be waiting to hear my story about what happened yesterday after school.

13. 3rd Person: • A narrator will tell the story using “he” or “she” to refer to the main character. • Pronouns - he, she, they, them • There are two types of third person points of view. • Limited • Omniscient Tom walked straight down to the cafeteria as soon as he got to school. He was excited to share with his friends how he scored the winning goal in the soccer game last night.

15. 2nd Person Point of View: • uses the pronoun you- is not used often. • The narrator tells the story to or is talking to another character. • The reader may believe the narrator is talking to them. You will never guess what happens on July 4th!!! Fireworks!!! Yes! You light a match to a firework spark, and watch the magic happen. Be careful, and make sure there is an adult outside with you!

16. Read the following excerpts. Decide which point of view is used in each one and record it in your notes. Make sure to provide 2 examples of evidence for your decision.

17. A • Mr. Johnson looked at Charles sternly. He simply didn’t know what to do with this boy. Charles had been in Mr. Johnson’s office twice earlier this week. Now here he was again, and this time he was charged with something much more serious. Mr. Johnson shook his head. There really was no doubt in his mind. Charles was guilty. He looked at the police officer standing next to Charles. No question whatsoever--Charles had done it.

18. Mr. Johnson looked at Charles sternly. He simply didn’t know what to do with this boy. Charles had been in Mr. Johnson’s office twice earlier this week. Now here he was again, and this time he was charged with something much more serious. Mr. Johnson shook his head. There really was no doubt in his mind. Charles was guilty. He looked at the police officer standing next to Charles. No question whatsoever--Charles had done it. A • Excerpt A was Third Person Limited. The author, not a character, is telling the story. We can see only what Mr. Johnson is thinking. We know what Mr. Johnson thinks, but we do not know what the officer or Charles thinks. We also do not know whether or not Charles is really guilty.

19. I can’t believe what is happening to me. I know that I’ll never convince Mr. Johnson and the cop that I had nothing to do with this. Man! I didn’t do it. Why won’t anyone believe me? I’ve been in trouble before, but I’ve never done anything like this! I’ve got to convince them, or I might as well kiss my life good-bye. B

20. I can’t believe what is happening to me. I know that I’ll never convince Mr. Johnson and the cop that I had nothing to do with this. Man! I didn’t do it. Why won’t anyone believe me? I’ve been in trouble before, but I’ve never done anything like this! I’ve got to convince them, or I might as well kiss my life good-bye. B • Excerpt B is an example of First Person Point of View. Charles, a character in the story, is telling us what happened to him. We know that Charles is innocent.

21. Officer Wiley looked at Charles and scratched his head. All the evidence pointed to Charles’s guilt, but the officer just couldn’t be sure. Mr. Johnson, on the other hand, knew that Charles was guilty as sin. His numerous brushes with authority in the past left no question in his mind at all. Charles hung his head, knowing that this time he would not be able to talk his way out of trouble. C

22. Officer Wiley looked at Charles and scratched his head. All the evidence pointed to Charles’s guilt, but the officer just couldn’t be sure. Mr. Johnson, on the other hand, knew that Charles was guilty as sin. His numerous brushes with authority in the past left no question in his mind at all. Charles hung his head, knowing that this time he would not be able to talk his way out of trouble. C • Excerpt C is an example of Third Person Omniscient Point of View. The author is telling the story, but we can see what Officer Wiley, Charles, and Mr. Johnson are thinking. We know that Mr. Johnson believes Charles is guilty, but Officer Wiley has doubts. We still are not sure whether or not Charles is guilty.

23. When I saw them taking Charlie into the office, I lingered outside the door, hoping to find out what he had done this time. Charlie was my best friend, but I was getting a little tired of defending him when I knew he was wrong. He must have done something really big this time to have the cops involved. D

24. When I saw them taking Charlie into the office, I lingered outside the door, hoping to find out what he had done this time. Charlie was my best friend, but I was getting a little tired of defending him when I knew he was wrong. He must have done something really big this time to have the cops involved. D • Excerpt D is an example of First Person Point of View. A friend, one of the characters in the story, is narrating. Since he does not know whether or not Charles is guilty, neither do we.

25. You kick off your shoes and flop onto the bed—landing, of course, among millions of mites. Had you any inkling that your bedding was alive with arthropodic bugs, chomping away on flakes of your dead skin, you would be so disgusted you would probably choose to lie on the floor. Yet every one of us, including the rich, the pious, and the royal of blood, sleeps each night in colonies of such mites. E

26. Youkick off your shoes and flop onto the bed—landing, of course, among millions of mites. Had you any inkling that your bedding was alive with arthropodic bugs, chomping away on flakes of your dead skin, you would be so disgusted you would probably choose to lie on the floor. Yet every one of us, including the rich, the pious, and the royal of blood, sleeps each night in colonies of such mites. E • Excerpt E is an example of Second Person Point of View. The narrator is telling a story directly to another character. The reader may be confused and believe the narrator is talking to them.

27. My father was a St. Bernard and my mother was a collie. This is what my mother told me. When I was well grown, I was sold and taken away, and I never saw my mother again. We said our farewells, and looked our last upon each other through our tears. The last thing she said—keeping it for the last to make me remember it the better, I think—was, "In memory of me, when there is a time of danger to another, do not think of yourself. Think of your mother. Do as she would do." Pause after beginning a new passage or story.

28. Who is telling the story? How do I know? How are the characters being introduced? My father was a St. Bernard and my mother was a collie. This is what my mother told me. When I was well grown, I was sold and taken away, and I never saw my mother again. We said our farewells, and looked our last upon each other through our tears. The last thing she said—keeping it for the last to make me remember it the better, I think—was, "In memory of me, when there is a time of danger to another, do not think of yourself. Think of your mother. Do as she would do."

29. Who is telling the story? How do I know? My father was a St. Bernard and my mother was a collie. This is what my mother told me. When I was well grown, I was sold and taken away, and I never saw my mother again. We said our farewells, and looked our last upon each other through our tears. The last thing she said—keeping it for the last to make me remember it the better, I think—was, "In memory of me, when there is a time of danger to another, do not think of yourself. Think of your mother. Do as she would do." • 1st person • A dog is telling the story?

30. Who is telling the story? How do I know? My father was a St. Bernard and my mother was a collie. This is what my mother told me. When I was well grown, I was sold and taken away, and I never saw my mother again. We said our farewells, and looked our last upon each other through our tears. The last thing she said—keeping it for the last to make me remember it the better, I think—was, "In memory of me, when there is a time of danger to another, do not think of yourself. Think of your mother. Do as she would do." • A dog is telling the story • I know this because the dog has a St. Bernard for a father, and a collie for a mother • The dog also tells us about being sold

31. 1 • Pause after beginning a passage 2 • Ask: “Who is telling the story?” 3 Ask: “How do I know?”

32. In this lesson you have learned how to tell who is telling a story by pausing after beginning a passage and asking “Who is telling the story? How do I know?”

33. Read this passage. How does a person who began in humble circumstances become a legend? Along the rim of the Polar Sea, Keesh lived and died. From father to son, from brother to sister, from summer when the sun does not set, until winter when the sun does not shine, Keesh’s story is still told over and over again. When Keesh’s father was killed while hunting to save the village from starvation, the villagers soon forgot him. They neglected Keesh and his widowed mother, Ikeega, who shared a small igloo together. This all changed when Keesh turned thirteen.

34. Who is telling this story? How do you know?

35. The first place that I can well remember was a large pleasant meadow with a pond of clear water in it. Some shady trees leaned over it, and rushes and water-lilies grew at the deep end. Over the hedge on one side we looked into a plowed field, and on the other we looked over a gate at our master's house, which stood by the roadside; at the top of the meadow was a grove of fir trees, and at the bottom a running brook overhung by a steep bank.

36. While I was young I lived upon my mother's milk, as I could not eat grass. In the daytime I ran by her side, and at night I lay down close by her. When it was hot we used to stand by the pond in the shade of the trees, and when it was cold we had a nice warm shed near the grove. As soon as I was old enough to eat grass my mother used to go out to work in the daytime, and come back in the evening.

37. One day… Narrator A narrator is the person who is telling you the story

38. How someone sees something, their side of the story. Point of View: The perspective from which the story is told. The narrator is the person telling

39. How do you figure out who is telling a story ? Who is telling the story? Dyamonde Daniel was a gem waiting to be discovered. Just ask her. So what if she had wild-crazy hair and was skinnier than half a toothpick? On the inside, she was extraordinary. Plus super smart. As a matter of fact, she had more brains in her tiny little pinky than most kids had in their entire bodies.

40. Dyamonde Daniel was a gem waiting to be discovered. Just ask her. So what if she had wild-crazy hair and was skinnier than half a toothpick? On the inside, she was extraordinary. Plus super smart. As a matter of fact, she had more brains in her tiny little pinky than most kids had in their entire bodies. Pause after reading the first page.

41. How does the author introduce the characters? Dyamonde Daniel was a gem waiting to be discovered. Just ask her. So what if she had wild-crazy hair and was skinnier than half a toothpick? On the inside, she was extraordinary. Plus super smart. As a matter of fact, she had more brains in her tiny little pinky than most kids had in their entire bodies.

42. Dyamonde Daniel was a gem waiting to be discovered. Just ask her. So what if she had wild-crazy hair and was skinnier than half a toothpick? On the inside, she was extraordinary. Plus super smart. As a matter of fact, she had more brains in her tiny little pinky than most kids had in their entire bodies. The author introduces the main character using her nameand “she” Told in the 3rd person

43. Dyamonde Daniel was a gem waiting to be discovered. Just ask her. So what if she had wild-crazy hair and was skinnier than half a toothpick? On the inside, she was extraordinary. Plus super smart. As a matter of fact, she had more brains in her tiny little pinky than most kids had in their entire bodies. Story is told in the 3rd person by an outside narrator

44. 1 • Pause after reading the first page. 2 • Ask: How does the author introduce the characters? 3 Jot down who is telling the story.

45. Is this passage written in the 1st person or the 3rd person?

46. How someone sees something, their side of the story. Point of View: The perspective from which the story is told. The narrator is the person telling

47. Narrator is outside the story (key words: he, she, they). Two types: First Person and Third Person Narrator is inside the story (key words : I, my, we).

48. What point of view? The liveliest seal that father and I ever caught was also the only one that ever got away. We named him Nab. Although father had been catching seals for zoos and circuses almost as long as I can remember, Nab was too sharp for him. It was my failed attempt to recapture him that ended the most exciting experience I ever had with a seal. First Person Point of View

49. How does this shape the story? The narrator says that this was the most exciting experience he ever had with a seal. This tells me, that the author chose his point of view to give the story the most excitement possible.

50. Why did the author make this choice? The author chose the son’s perspective to give the story a tone of excitement. If he had chosen the dad’s perspective, it would have been frustration and less exciting.