1 / 32

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,MHL WMZ6 o!_ 5|SZ6 o 5IF"JZ6 VG[ 5IF"JZ6LI ;D:IFVM

AFA] 58[, s B.Sc., B.Ed.) DNNlGX lX1FS lJJ [SFGN lJnF,IP Hl0IF TFP WFG[ZF lHP AGF;SF9F. lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,MHL WMZ6 o!_ 5|SZ6 o 5IF"JZ6 VG[ 5IF"JZ6LI ;D:IFVM. 5IF"JZ6 V[8,[ cc VF56[ VG[ VF56L VFH]AFH]G] AW] H cc. 1 . JgI5|F6LGF lGJF; :YFGDF W8F0M

sivan
Download Presentation

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,MHL WMZ6 o!_ 5|SZ6 o 5IF"JZ6 VG[ 5IF"JZ6LI ;D:IFVM

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. AFA] 58[, s B.Sc., B.Ed.) DNNlGX lX1FS lJJ[SFG\N lJnF,IP Hl0IF TFP WFG[ZF lHP AGF;SF\9F lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,MHLWMZ6 o!_ 5|SZ6 o 5IF"JZ6 VG[ 5IF"JZ6LI ;D:IFVM

  2. 5IF"JZ6V[8,[ cc VF56[ VG[ VF56L VFH]AFH]G]\ AW]\ H cc

  3. 1.JgI5|F6LGF lGJF; :YFGDF\ W8F0M 2. 5F6LGM jII 3. H\U,GM GFX 4. HDLGG]\ WMJF6 5. Z6G]\ VFU/ JWJ]\ 6. H{JlJlJWTFGM W8F0M 5IF"JZ6LI ;D:IFVM

  4. 5|N}QF6 VG[ T[GF 5|SFZM • VF56F CJF4 5F6L S[ E}lDDF\ YTF VlGrKLI4 EF{lTS4 ZF;FIl6S S[ H{lJS O[ZOFZMG[ 5|N}QF6 SC[ K[P • 1 CJFG]\ 5|N}QF6 • 2 H, 5|N}QF6 • 3 E}lDG]\ 5|N}QF6

  5. CJFGF 5|N}QF6GF S]NZTL :+MT NFJFG/ ZHS6M VG[ VF\WL HJF/FD]BL JG:5lTGM SMCJF8 5|SFX5|[lZT ZF;FIl6S lS|IFVM 5ZFUZH

  6. CJFGF 5|N}QF6GF DFGJ;lH"T :+MT VF{nMlUSZ6 lJDFGM VG[ I]âM V6]5lZ1F6 JFCGMGF W]DF0F S'lQF pnMU 5FJZ :8[XGM

  7. CJFGF 5|N}QF6GF DFGJ;lH"T :+MT T[, lZOF>GZL JG S8F> 3Z J5ZFXG]\ A/T6 BF6 pnMU

  8. CJFGF 5|N}QF6GL CFlGSFZS V;ZM • 1 VF\B4 GFS VG[ U/FDF\ A/TZF • 2 SO2VG[ NO2SFZ6[ V:YDF VG[ A|MgSF>8L; H[JL O[O;FGL lADFZLVMP • 3 S[g;Z5|[ZS 5|N}QFS ãjIMYL S[g;Z YFIP

  9. 4 l;D[g8 O[S8ZLDF\ SFD SZGFZG[ l;,SM;L; ZMU YFI VG[ V[:A[:8M;YL V[:A[:8M;L; ZMU YFIP • 5 EFZ[ WFT]VM `JF;YL XZLZDF\ NFB, Y. h[ZL V;Z O[,FJ[ • 6 VMhMGGF :TZGF 38F0FG[ SFZ6[ 5FZHFA,L lSZ6M YL tJRFG]\ S[g;Z TYF VF\BG[ G]SXFG YFIP

  10. V[l;0JQF"F • JFTFJZ6DF\ ZC[,F JFI]VM SO2VG[ NO2 E[HDF\ ãFjI Y> H2SO4VG[ HNO3AGFJ[ K[ T[G[ V[l;0 JQF"F SC[ K[P T[ 5|FRLG :DFZSM VG[ >DFZTG[ G]SXFG SZ[P

  11. U|LGCFp; V;Z • SFA"G 0FIMS;F>04 lDY[G JU[Z[ UZDL XMQFL ,[JFGM U]6WD" K[P T[YL UZDLGL H[ V;Z YFI T[G[ U|LGCFp; V;Z SC[ K[PT[GFYL TF5DFG JWTF W|]JLI 5|N[XMGM AZO 5LU/[ K[ VG[ ;D]ãGL ;5F8LDF\ JWFZM YFI K[P

  12. (A) JFI]:J~5GF 5|N}QFSMGF lGI\+6GL 5âlT (1)NCG5âlT o SFA"lGSJFI]:J~5DF\ VYJF AFQ5 :J~5[ CMI T[G[ NCG5âlT ãFZF 5F6LGL JZF/ VG[ VMKF CFlGSFZS SFA"G 0FIMS;F>0GF :J~5DF\ O[ZJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P (2)XMQF65âlT o VFDF\ RMÞ; 5|SFZGF XMQFS 5|JFCL DF\YL 5|N}lQFT CJF 5;FZ SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P T[YL RMÞ; 5|SFZGF 5|N}QFS JFI]VMG]\ XMQF6 YFI K[4 T[YL CJF X]â YFI K[P

  13. (B) S6 :J~5GF 5|N}QFSMGF lGI\+6GL 5âlT (1) J[8 :S|A;" • VF 5âlT ZF;FIl6S ãjIM4BF6 BMNJL4WFT] 5'YÞZ6 VG[ SFZBFGFVM DF\YL D]ST YTF\ ;<OZ0FIMS;F>0 VG[ V[DMlGIF G[ 5|N}lQFT CJFDF\YL N}Z SZJF p5IMUDF\ ,[JFI K[P

  14. (2)JLH5|:YFl5T VJ1F[5S • CJFGF 5|N}QFS AFQ5 S[ E[H :J~5[ CMI tIFZ[ T[GF ZHS6M 5Z JLHEFZG]\ lGDF"6SZL T[DG[ JLHJFCSM TZO B[\RL N}Z SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

  15. H, 5|N}QF6GF :+MT lJlSZ6LI SRZM pnMUM BFTZM T[, J:TLlJ:OM8 H\T]GFXSM G]SXFGSFZS ;}1DHLJM ;]V[H

  16. H, 5|N}QF6GL CFlGSFZS V;ZM • 1. DZSI]ZL 5|N}lQFT 5F6L 5LJFYL DLGFDF8F H[JF ZMU SIFZ[S HLJ,[6 GLJ0L XS[ • 2. 5F6LDF\ ãJ[,F DZSI]ZL4 S[0lDID4 SMAF<8GF 1FFZM VG[ ;\IMHGM T[DH VgI VX]lâVM ãFZF DG]QI ;lCTGF 5|F6LVMG[ VlT;FZ YFI K[P • 3. H, 5|N}QF6 ;}1DHLJM VG[ DFK,LVMGF D'tI] DF8[ SFZ6E}T K[P

  17. 4.5F6LGL ;5F8L 5Z JW] 50TF T[,GF O[,FJFYL VMlS;HGGL DF+FDF\ 38F0M YTF\ H,LI ;HLJMGL `J;GlS|IF ~WFI K[P • 5. 5LJFGF RMbBF 5F6L SZTF\ 5|N}lQFT 5F6LDF\ BOD JW] CMI K[ BOD JW[ H,LI ;HLJM D'tI] 5FD[ K[P

  18. ZMlH\NM D/5|JFC VG[ BFTZMDF\ HIFZ[ JW] DF+F DF\ 5F6L E/[ tIFZ[ GF>8=[8 VG[ OM:O[8G]\ 5|DF6 JW[ K[ T[YL ,L, VG[ VgI ;}1DHLJMGM lJSF; VG[SU6M JW[ K[ VG[ VFG[ SFZ6[ 5F6LG]\ lGJ;GT\+ VF 5|SFZGF HLJMYL EZF> HFI K[ VG[ O2 5|DF6 38[ VFD 5MQFS TtJMGL V;ZYL pt5gG YTF 5|N}QF6G[ ;]5MQFSTFSZ6 SC[ K[4 T[YL BODJW[ H[YL ;HLJM D'tI] 5FD[ K[P ;]5MQFSTFSZ6

  19. 5|FYlDS TAÞF DF\ DM8F VG[ lG,\lATãjIM V,U SZL lAG CFlGSFZS AG[ H[G[ 9FZ6 SC[ K[P ALHF TAÞF DF\ 5F6LG[ O2I]ST CJFDF\YL 5;FZ SZL HLJF6] 5|lSIF SZL SFA"lGSãjIM lJW8G SZL S,MlZG[XG SZFI K[P V\lTD TAÞF DF\ 5F6LDF\YL GF>8=[84 OM:O[8 JU[Z[ N}Z SZL X]â 5F6L D[/JFI K[P 5F6LG]\ 5|N}QF6 V8SFJJFGF p5FI VG[ lGI\+6 (1);]V[H;FZJFZ

  20. VF{nMlUS VG[ ;]V[H GF 5|JFCL SRZMG[ ;FZJFZ VF5JF DF8[ ZLT NEERI GFU5]Z ãFZF T{IFZ SZL K[P SRZFJF/F 5F6LG[ D\N SZL KLKZF T/FJDF\ ;\U|CJFDF\ VFJ[ T[G[ VMlS;0[XG T/FJ SC[ K[PT[DF YM0F ;DI AFN T[DF\ ;]1DHLJM4 ,L, O[,FJTF\ lJW8SM SFA"lGS TtJMG]\ VMlS;0[XG SZL 5F6LG[ X]â SZ[ K[P VMlS;0[XG T/FJ

  21. E}lDGF 5|N}QF6GF :+MT lJlSZ6LI SRZM WFT]VM BFTZM %,Fl:8S ZAZ4 5]]\9F DF8L SM,;M BFW SRZM H\T]GFXSM

  22. E}lDGF 5|N}QF6GF :+MT T]8[,F SFR AFWSFDGL ;FDU|L 5[5Z 5|F6LVMGF D'tI]N[CM

  23. E}lDGF 5|N}QF6GL V;ZM V[S ;ZJ[ 5|DF6[ NZ K DF;[ HDLGGL p5Z ;5F8LG]\ V[8,]\ AW] WMJF6 YFI S[ T[DF\YL WMJFTL DF8LYL VFBF N[XGF DSFGMGL .\8M T{IFZ Y> XS[ K[P B[TL,FIS HDLG lAGp5IMUL AG[ K[P VlJW8GLI lS8GFXSM H[JF S[ l,\UL V\T:+FJM D\N 50[ K[ VG[ S[l<XIDGL p65 ;HF"I K[P

  24. E}lDGF 5|N}QF6 V8SFJJFGF p5FIM VG[ lGI\+6 H{lJS5|lSIFVM ãFZF 5|N}QFSMG]\ lJW8GSZL N}Z SZL XSFIP T[G]\ ;[lgãI BFTZDF\ ~5F\TZ SZL XSFI K[P VlJW8GLI SRZFG[ BF0FVM 5}ZJF p5IMU SZL XSFIP SRZFG[ AF/JF lJlXQ8 5|SFZGL EõLG]\ lGDF"6 SZL XSFIP

  25. H{J lJW8GLI 5|N}QFSM H[ 5|N}QFSMG]\ ;}1DHLJM ãFZF lJW8G Y. XS[ K[4 T[G[ H{J lJW8GLI 5|N}QFSM SC[ K[P WZJ5ZFXGM SRZMD/D}+ ;]V[HGM 3GSRZM B[TZGM 50JFX 5[5Z ,FS0]\ S50F\

  26. H{J VlJW8GLI 5|N}QFSM H[ 5|N}QFSMG]\ ;}1DHLJM ãFZF lJW8G YT]\ GYL4 T[G[ • H{J VlJW8GLI 5|N}QFSM SC[ K[P • DDT5FZM • ;L;]\ V[<I]lDlGID • VF;["lGS H\T]GFXSM

  27. 5IF"JZ6LI ;DT],G • NZ[S ;HLJ DF8[ 5IF"JZ6LI ;DT],G B]A H~ZL K[P T[ • DF8[ ;DU| 5IF"JZ6 5|N}QF6ZlCT CMI V[ B]A DCtJG]\ K[P • 5|N}QF6G[ SFZ6[ 5IF"JZ6 5MTFGL ;DT],F U]DFJX[4 TM • T[GL lJ5ZLT V;ZMYL ;HLJGF HLJG p5Z BTZM pEM • YX[P 5IF"JZ6GL ;DT],F H/JFI T[ DF8[ NZ[S 5]Go5|F%I S[ • 5]Go V5|F%I :+MTMGM lJJ[S5}J"S p5IMU SZL5IF"JZ6GL • HFU'lT VFJ[ T[JF 5|ItGM SZJF HM>V[P NZ[S H6 5lZ;ZG[ • 5MTFG]\ 3Z ;DH[ TM 5IF"JZ6 VF5MVF5 ;DT]l,T YX[P

  28. J:TL4 5IF"JZ6 VG[ lJSF;GF VF\TZ;\A\WM • J:TLlJ:OM8 V[ 5IF"JZ6 VG[ lJSF; A\G[ DF8[ U\ELZ • ;DlIF AGL K[ T[G[ SFZ6[ BMZFSGL H~lZIFT JWTF\ JW] • B[Tpt5FNG D[/JJF JW] H\T]GFXSM VG[ S'l+D BFTZMGM • p5IMU SZJM 50[ K[P T[G[ SFZ6[ 5|N}QF6 YFI P • J:TLlJ:OM8 YL BMZFS45F6L4J;JF8GL H~lZIFT JWTF • B[TLGL HDLGM4H\U,M4S]NZTL JgIHLJMGF\ lGJF;:YFGMG]\ • lGS\NG GLS/L UI] K[P • J:TL45IF"JZ64lJSF; JrR[ ;FTtI H/JFJ]]\ H~ZL K[P

  29. 5IF"JZ6GL HF/J6L VG[ ;\Z1F6 • 5IF"JZ6GL HF/J6L V[8,[ V[JL 5|J'lTVM S[ H[GF ãFZF jIlSTUT S[ ;FD}lCS ZLT[ VFlY"S OFINM YFI VG[ ;FY[ ;FY[ 5IF"JZ6G[ G]SXFG 56 G YFIP5IF"JZ6GF ;\Z1F6 DF8[ NZ[S N[X ãFZF T[DH lJ`JS1FFV[ VG[S SFINF AGFJJFDF\ VFjIF K[4 H[GLDNNYL 5IF"JZ6GL HF/J6L VG[ ;\Z1F6 SZL XSFI K[P DFGJLDF\ T[GF lJX[ HFU'lT GCL VFJ[ tIF\;]WL 5IF"JZ6GL HF/J6L VG[ ;\Z1F6 XSI GYLP

  30. 5IF"JZ6LI ;\Z1F6WFZFVM V[gJFIZD[g8s5|M8[SXGf V[S8 - 1986 OMZ[:8sSghJ["XGf V[S8 - 1980 JM8Zsl5J[\XG V[g0 S\8=M, VMO 5M<I]XGfV[S8 - 1974 JF><0 ,F>O s5|M8[SXGf V[S8 - 1972 WL DM8Z jCLS, V[S8 - 1983 l5J[gXG VMO S|]V[l,8L 8] V[GLD<; V[S8 - 1966 V[Z sl5J[gXG V[g0 S\8=M, VMO 5M<I]XGf V[S8 - 1981 WL >g;[lS8;F>0 V[S8 - 1968

  31. J'1FM JFJM JZ;FN ,FJM

More Related