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Image from: http://www.bcps.org/offices/lis/models/life/images/grow.JPG. Image by Riedell. CELL GROWTH & DIVISION 10-1 & 10-2. 2 Reasons why cells divide. 1. _____________________ As cell grows bigger demand on DNA “genetic library” becomes too great.

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Image by Riedell

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  1. Image from: http://www.bcps.org/offices/lis/models/life/images/grow.JPG Image by Riedell CELL GROWTH & DIVISION 10-1 & 10-2

  2. 2 Reasons why cells divide 1. _____________________As cell grows bigger demand on DNA“genetic library” becomes too great Ex: Small town library has 1000 books. As town grows and more people borrow books, there may be a waiting list to read the most popular titles http://www.adc.state.az.us/images/Off-Library.JPG

  3. 2 Reasons why cells divide 2. _____________________As cell grows bigger demand for transport across membrane is too great http://www.animationlibrary.com

  4. Ability to transport of oxygen, food, waste across cell membrane depends on _______________ Need for these depends on ___________ As cell grows these DON’T increase at the same rate

  5. Ratio of Surface Area to Volume in Cells Section 10-1 Cell Size Surface Area (length x width x 6) Volume (length x width x height) Ratio of Surface Area to Volume

  6. BIGGER CELLS NEED MORE FOOD and OXYGEN, but CAN’T TRANSPORT IT FAST ENOUGH or IN BIG ENOUGH QUANTITIES! http://www.animationlibrary.com

  7. Image from: http://www.bcps.org/offices/lis/models/life/images/grow.JPG Image by Riedell Multicellular organisms grow mainly by increasing cell number

  8. DNA CAN BE: SPREAD OUT INNON-DIVIDING CELLS SCRUNCHED UP IN DIVIDINGCELLS

  9. DNA in PROKARYOTES • BACTERIAL DNA is CIRCULAR • HAVE ONE CHROMOSOME • NO NUCLEUS; ATTACHED TO CELL MEMBRANE http://www.origin-life.gr.jp/3202/3202121/fig6.jpg

  10. DNA in EUKARYOTES(Plants & Animals) • DNA is ROD-SHAPED CHROMOSOMES • MANY PAIRS • FOUND IN NUCLEUS http://cellbio.utmb.edu/cellbio/chrom2.jpg

  11. Chromosome structure • ___________________ 2 identical arms • __________________ constricted area holds chromatids together • __________________ PAIR • 2 of each chromosome(one from mom; one from dad)

  12. HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES • SAME SIZE • SAME SHAPE • CARRY GENES for the SAME TRAITS • BUT ______________! (Don’t have to have the SAME CHOICES) http://arnica.csustan.edu/biol3020/cell_division/cell_division.htm http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/genetics%20tutorial.htm

  13. CELL DIVISION in PROKARYOTES Bacteria reproduce using __________________________________ http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/mitosis/fission.jpg

  14. ______________ =series of events that cells go through as they grow and develop cells alive cell cycle

  15. CELL CYCLE INTERPHASE – non-dividing phase G1- Grow bigger Cell is “doing its job” DNA is spread out as chromatin S - Synthesis (copy DNA) & chromosomal proteins G2- Grow bigger, make organelles & molecules needed for cell division

  16. CELL DIVISION MITOSIS – Nuclear division Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis – Cytoplasm divides G0 – cell stops dividing (Ex: nerve cell)

  17. In between divisionsCells are in this phase most of the time Can see nucleus DNA spread out as chromatin Can’t see chromosomes DNA gets copied (S) Cell gets ready to divide INTERPHASE (G1 - S - G2)

  18. Pearson Education Inc publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall PROPHASE 1st dividing phase http://www.life.uiuc.edu/plantbio/102/lectures/08mit&veg102.html DNA scrunches into chromosomes Centrioles appear in centrosome region & move to poles Nuclear membrane & nucleolus disappear Spindle fibers form & attach to chromosomes

  19. CENTROSOME ___________ region organizes spindle Spindle MICROTUBULES are part of cytoskeleton http://www.coleharbourhigh.ednet.ns.ca/library/organelle_worksheet.htm

  20. Chromosomes line up in ___________ METAPHASE Images from:Pearson Eduction Ince; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0247.JPG

  21. Centromeres splitCentrioles pull chromatids_______ ANAPHASE Images from:Pearson Eduction Ince; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0247.JPG

  22. See ______ nuclei Nuclear membrane & nucleolus return TELOPHASE (reverse prophase steps) Chromosomes spread out as chromatin Centrioles disappear Spindle fibers disappear Images from:Pearson Eduction Ince; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall http://www2.bc.cc.ca.us/cnewton/Biology%2011/Mitosis.html

  23. CYTOKINESIS Cytoplasm splits into 2 cells ANIMAL CELLS pinch cytoplasm in two with a ______________________

  24. CYTOKINESIS Cytoplasm splits into 2 cells PLANT CELLS can’t pinch because they have a sturdy ____________ Plant cells separate cytoplasm by growing a _______________ down the middle. http://www.eastcentral.edu/acad/depts/BI/plant_mitosis_nolabels.html

  25. Figure 10–5 Mitosis and Cytokinesis Section 10-2 Spindle forming Centrioles Centromere Chromatin Centriole Nuclear envelope Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Interphase Prophase Spindle Cytokinesis Centriole Metaphase Individual chromosomes Telophase Anaphase Nuclear envelope reforming

  26. Videos • Click a hyperlink to choose a video. • Animal Cell MitosisAnimal Cell Cytokinesis

  27. Concept Map Section 10-2 Cell Cycle includes is divided into is divided into

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