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5 “Good” Emperors, 96-180 & Commodus, 180-192

5 “Good” Emperors, 96-180 & Commodus, 180-192. Nerva: 96-98 Trajan: 98-117 Hadrian: 117-138 Antoninus Pius: 138-161 Marcus Aurelius: 161-180 Commodus: 180-192 Family stemma Map of Roman empire mid-2 nd century CE. Images of the Emperors, 96-192. M. Cocceius Nerva , 96-98.

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5 “Good” Emperors, 96-180 & Commodus, 180-192

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  1. 5 “Good” Emperors, 96-180 & Commodus, 180-192 • Nerva: 96-98 • Trajan: 98-117 • Hadrian: 117-138 • Antoninus Pius: 138-161 • Marcus Aurelius: 161-180 • Commodus: 180-192 • Family stemma • Map of Roman empire mid-2nd century CE

  2. Images of the Emperors, 96-192

  3. M. Cocceius Nerva, 96-98

  4. M. Cocceius Nerva, 96-98 • Chosen by Senate at age 66 (b. in Italy in 30) • Consitutional rule • Just and humane legislation • Largess: land allotments • Chose Trajan as co-regent, successor • Ruled only 16 months

  5. M. Ulpius Traianus, 98-117

  6. M. Ulpius Traianus, 98-117 • Born in Spain in 53 • Military man, not an autocrat • Tolerant, courteous, economical, strict • Humane and progressive • Largess: alimenta (interest on loans  fund); free grain; public works • Restructured provincial government, advancing equites • War vs. Dacians, Parthians; annexed Dacia, Arabia, Armenia, Mesopotamia; column (1, 2, 3); market)

  7. P. Aelius Hadrianus, 117-138

  8. P. Aelius Hadrianus, 117-138 • Born in Spain (or Rome) in 76 • Closest to Julius Caesar in versatility of talent • Codified laws, enhanced equites’ role in government • Intellectual, literary enthusiast, accomplished artist • Toured the provinces • Policy of “defensive imperialism” • Tivoli villa (model; remains); mausoleum; Pantheon

  9. T. Aurelius Fulvius Boionius Arrius Antoninus, 138-61

  10. T. Aurelius Fulvius Boionius Arrius Antoninus, 138-61 • Born in Italy in 86 • Member of Senatorial class • Adopted by Hadrian, acquired cognomen of Antoninus Pius • Possessed integrity, loyalty, gentle nature • Unsensational leader, imitative of Hadrian • Beneficial, deferential to Senate • Left a healthy, prosperous, harmonius empire • Temple of A. Pius and Faustina; column with apotheosis

  11. M. Annius Aurelius, 161-80

  12. M. Annius Aurelius, 161-80 • Born in Spain in 121 • Deep believer in Stoicism; wrote Meditations (lit., “to himself”): providence of the gods, mortality, morality, tolerance, the common good • Maintained century of goodwill since Nerva, including political and social ease • Fought with Parthia; conquered Danube • Following Hadrian’s wishes, co-emperor with adoptive brother L. Verus 161-9, with son Commodus 177-80 • Lacked foresight; left stable and safe, but stagnant and overcentralized empire • Ruled during inflation, devastating plague

  13. L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus, 180-92

  14. L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus, 180-92 • Born in 161: the first born “in the purple”; co-ruler with M. Aurelius 177-180 • Upon accession: M. Aurelius Commodus Antoninus • Another Nero: corrupt men managed his administration • Hostile to Senate, indifferent to rule • Name: Hercules Romanus; obsessed with performing as gladiator; Rome = Colonia Commodiana • Oversaw outbreaks of violence, mutiny, purges • Strangled in bath Dec. 31, 192

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