NNDC Databases and Services Jagdish Tuli* National Nuclear Data Center

1. NNDC Databases and Services Jagdish Tuli* National Nuclear Data Center Brookhaven National Laboratory *Email: Tuli@bnl.gov Brookhaven Science Associates

2. USNDP Web & Database Services

3. ENSDF XUNDL NSR QCalc (a useful tool) NuDat Some NNDC Databases and Services

4. Nuclear Structure Evaluation NSR Nuclear Science References Indexing and key-wording ENSDF Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File Recommended Level Energies, Jp, half-lives, decay modes . Gamma energy, intensity, multipolarity, mixing ratio, CC, etc. Publications Journal Articles Proceedings Reports Private Communications Thesis Other Libraries Research Groups XUNDL Raw data Other Publications ApplicationsNuclear Medicine Space Radiation ModelingMNCP GEANT Education

5. ENSDF ENSDF - www.nndc.bnl.gov/ensdf Contents: Evaluated nuclear structure and decay data for all known (>3000 ) nuclei, organized into over 294 mass chains ENSDF Adopted data best values Levels: E, J, T1/2, , Q, configurations Gammas: E, BR, M, , ICC Decay data - ++  -n etc. Reaction data (HI,xn) (p,p') (n,), (n,xn) Coulomb Exc. (,'), (,xn) (d,p), etc.

6. Level Properties • Spin-parity • Half-life • Angular momentum transfer • Spectroscopic factor • Decay branching • Static moments • Shell-model or single-particle configuration • Experiments in which level is seen

7. Radiation Properties • Placement in level scheme • Energy • Intensity –relative and absolute • Multipolarity and mixing ratios • Total internal conversion coefficients (theory) • Logft values/ hindrance factors • Reduced transition probability in W.u.

8. Special (horizontal)evaluations that are needed by the nuclear structure community, e.g., logft values, α- and p-decay properties, SD and magnetic rotation bands, nuclear isomers, properties of nuclei far from the line of stability, heavy and super-heavy nuclei, etc. Evaluation of decay data for nuclides that are important to various applications, e.g., in reactor calculations, homeland security, medicine, detector calibrations, nuclear waste, etc. ENSDF

9. ENSDF: Major Data Sources and Derivatives Contributing Databases: Atomic Masses (Wapstra & Audi) Nuclear Science References (NSR) • MC Codes • MCNPX • GEANT ENSDF NuDat2 IE ORTEC & CANBERRA Derivative Databases: … RIPL JANIS NUBASE MIRD RADWARE Derivative Publications:

10. NSR Nuclear Science References www.nndc.bnl.gov/nsr NSR (Nuclear Science References) is a bibliographic database containing nearly 200,000 nuclear science articles, indexed according to content. About 4,000 are added each year covering 80 journals as well as conference proceedings, laboratory reports, thesis and private communications. Each article included in NSR is read and assigned a number of variables that succinctly described its content. These variables, also known as keywords, are then incorporated in a database. One unique feature of NSR is the ability to selectively retrieve articles out of a vast number, satisfying a particular set of conditions. Articles can be retrieved according to: first author, author, nuclide, reaction, target, measured quantity, publication year, type of publication (primary or secondary), journal, topics, etc. NSR management resides at the NNDC, Manojeet Bhattacharya, nsr@bnl.gov. Contributions mainly from the NNDC and IAEA-NDS. All programming work done by Dave Winchell, formerly at the NNDC.

11. NSR Key Numbers These are 9-character long strings. The first four identify the publication year, the following two are usually the first two letters of the first author’s last name, for instance, SM for Smith. If the last two characters are numeric, the article corresponds to a primary entry. If they are not, it is a secondary entry. NSR key numbers are assigned by the NSR database manager and are unique to each article. NSR KeywordsThey briefly describe the article’s content. They follow a firm set of guidelines and they strongly increase NSR search abilities. The DOI, or Data Object Identifier, contains the link to the article. Typically, the abstract and references can be viewed for free. The whole article, in PDF format, can be accessed if you have a paid subscription to the journal. Some articles contain experimental information, which can be stored in the XUNDL database (eXperimental Unevaluated Nuclear Data List). The data is stored in the ENSDF format.

12. The “Measured” fields are of enormous help to perform ENSDF evaluations. For instance: • Selecting G-SPECTRA will allow to search for articles reporting measured gamma ray spectra, a field that has been dominant in nuclear structure research in the last 30 years. • The most common decay modes are Electron Capture (EC), Positron Emission (B+), Beta minus (B-), Isomeric Transition (IT), Alpha (A), Spontaneous Fission (SF) and Proton emission (P). By selecting on A-DECAY, we will retrieve articles dealing with alpha-decay, etc. • The study of nuclear levels at high values of angular momentum is covered by selecting HIGH-SPN. • Articles dealing with shape parameters can be retrieved by selecting DEFORMATION. • Selecting DIPOLE/QUADRUPOLE will retrieve articles reporting magnetic dipole moments/electric quadrupole moments. Warning: Do not trust NSR blindly! Some of the “Measured” fields may be more restrictive than what you think.

13. Q-calc www.nndc.bnl.gov/qcalc Nuclear reaction and decay Q-values can be calculated using the Q-Calc tool, which uses the 2003 atomic mass evaluation of Audi et al., G.Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, Nucl. Phys. A729, 337 (2003). For a nucleus with Z protons, N neutrons and mass M(Z,N), the most common decay Q-values are: The neutron and proton separation energies are defined as: S(p)=-Q(p) S(n)=-Q(n)

14. In ENSDF evaluation, most of the time we are interested in decay Q-values, which can be obtained by simply giving the nucleus of interest

15. NuDat www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2 NuDat is a web application a) to present nuclear structure and decay information from ENSDF in a user-friendly way, and b) to allow users to execute complex search operations in the wealth of data contained in ENSDF. NuDat provides an interactive chart of nuclides for navigation. NuDat contents are updated regularly as evaluations are revised in ENSDF. NuDat for the web was developed by Alejandro Sonzogni, Sonzogni@bnl.gov, of the National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC), Brookhaven National Laboratory. The slides presented here are courtesy of Alejandro Sonzogni. More on www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/help

16. NuDat front page Search forms Navigation Controls Chart, active area Help

17. NuDat chart Same if typing 132sn and clicking go Clicking on 132Sn Basic info + links to more details

18. Changing the zoom value NuDat chart

19. Decay Mode colors Standard uncertainties style NuDat chart

21. Levels Search Search for first 2+ states in N=86 Nuclides

22. Results Tool for systematic studies For more search examples, see Help file

23. Decay Search

24. Results Where are the electrons coming from?