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The Path to the Intifada. Three Factors. Economic and Social Change in the Territories Political frustration with Israel, the Arabs, and the PLO The emergence of local leaders. 1967-1986. 1967-1980 = a period of economic growth Income growth due to access to Israeli labor markets
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Three Factors • Economic and Social Change in the Territories • Political frustration with Israel, the Arabs, and the PLO • The emergence of local leaders
1967-1986 • 1967-1980 = a period of economic growth • Income growth due to access to Israeli labor markets • Wealth growth to access to oil-rich Arab states • 1981-1986 = period of decline • Saturation of the Israeli market • Collapse of oil prices
Political frustration with Israel • Increase in Jewish settlements in W. Bank • Decreased Israeli concern over the W. Bank • Fear of re-enactment of 1930s • Political stasis in Israeli politics and preference for a “Jordanian” option
Political frustration with Arabs • Arab concern with Iran-Iraq war (1980-1987) displaced Palestine on the agenda • Arab states had defeated and marginalized the PLO
Frustration with the PLO • Was Tunis a place for confrontation or retreat? • A symbol of Palestinian “steadfastness” or a political organization with real responsibilities?
The Emergence of Local Leaders • Bassam Shaka – Mayor of Nablus • Elected 1976; victim of bombing by Israeli terrorist in 1980 • Zafer al-Masri – Mayor of Nablus • Appointed mayor in 1986; murdered by PFLP in 1986 • Sari Nusseibeh • Faisal al-Husseini