MR. LIPMAN’S APUS CHAPTER THREE POWERPOINT

1. MR. LIPMAN’S APUS CHAPTER THREE POWERPOINT THE NORTHERN COLONIES DEVELOP

2. The Protestant Reformation Produces Puritanism 1517 – Martin Luther denounced the authority of (Catholic) priests and popes and claimed they were corrupt Says Bible alone was the source of God’s word Began a period of religious reform in Europe called the Reformation

3. John Calvin Profoundly affect on emigrants to America Good works could not save those predestined for hell Conversion was an intense, personal experience in which God revealed to that person his/her elect status

4. “Puritans” Want to totally reform (purify) Church of England from Catholicism Puritans grew increasingly unhappy with slow process of Protestant Reformation in England

5. Separatists: Because the Church of England enrolled all the king’s subjects, Separatists felt they had to share churches with the “damned” and un-pure and therefore, Separatists believed in a total break from Church of England

6. In 1620, a group of 102 people, (about 1/2 of whom were Separatists) set sail on the Mayflower for America from Holland where they had fled 12 years before from England They negotiated with the Virginia Company to settle in its jurisdiction Non-separatists included Captain Myles Standish who would later help the colony in fighting Indians

7. The Mayflower Compact was written and signed by men before the Pilgrims disembarked from the Mayflower Not a constitution, but an agreement to form a crude government and submit to majority rule Led to adult male settlers meeting in assemblies to make laws in town meetings

8. One of the most important Pilgrim leaders was William Bradford A self-taught scholar who was chosen governor 30 times Bradford worried about settlements of non-Puritans springing up nearby and corrupting Puritan society

9. In 1629, non-Separatist Puritans got royal charter to form Massachusetts Bay Company They don’t want to leave Church of England, just its impurities In 1630 the Massachusetts Bay expedition set out in 11 well-supplied ships with almost 1,000 people These people established a colony in the Massachusetts area; Boston became its hub

10. The “Great Migration” of 1630s Turmoil and persecution in England sent more settlers (about 70,000) to America Not all were Puritans Many prosperous, educated persons migrated to Massachusetts Bay John Winthrop Became 1st governor in Massachusetts Believed he had a “calling” from God to lead there….”We shall be as a city upon a hill”

11. Democratic beginnings in Massachusetts Franchise (voting) in elections given to all “freemen” – adult males who belonged to Puritan congregations 2/5 of adult men allowed to vote, a far larger percentage than in England at that time Town government conducted in town meetings by majority vote More inclusive than colony’s elections – all male property holders allowed to participate and vote

12. Massachusetts (though liberal for the times) was not a democracy John Winthrop distrusted “commons” and believed democracy was the “meanest and worst” form of government Doctrine of the covenant Government’s purpose was to enforce God’s law (which applied to both believers and non-believers) Non-believers and believers both paid taxes for the government-supported church

13. Puritan lifestyle Believed in “calling” to do God’s work on earth Shared “Protestant ethic” of hard work and engagement in worldly pursuits Enjoyed simple pleasures such as eating, drinking, and monogamous sex “sumptuary laws” (also called “blue laws” for the color of paper they were printed on) were passed to control worldly pleasures (NJ still has)

14. In 1638, Anne Hutchinson was put on trial by the Puritans She bragged that she had received her beliefs directly from God Because of this, the Puritan leaders banished her Anne Hutchinson and family travelled to Rhode Island and later New York Hutchinson and others were killed by Indians in New York

15. Roger Williams Was an extreme Separatist; he argued with his fellow clergy about breaking with the Anglican Church Condemned Massachusetts Bay’s charter because it did not give fair compensation to Indians Denied authority of civil government to regulate religious behaviour In 1635 found guilty of preaching “new & dangerous opinions” and was exiled Puritans in Massachusetts Bay wanted to exile him to England to prevent him from founding a competing colony but he fled to Rhode Island

16. Rhode Island More liberal than any other American colony; Complete freedom of religionfor all No compulsory church attendance No taxes to support a state church Williams also set up political freedom Universal manhood suffrage, although later restricted by a property qualification Opposed to special privilege of any kind

17. 17th-Century New England Settlements

18. 1637 – the Pequot War (Conn. River valley) Whites (with some Indian allies) attacked Pequot village on Mystic River, Pequot tribe was virtually annihilated

19. To resist whites Indians need to unite 1675 – 1676 – King Philip’s War Metacom (known as King Philip to whites) was Massasoit’s son He united Indians and staged attacks on white settlements throughout New England forcing frontier settlers to retreat to Boston for safety

20. King Philip’s War ended in failure for Indians Metacom was beheaded Indians were weakened and demoralized after defeat; they never posed a serious threat to New England colonists again

21. In 1643, 4 colonies banded together to form the New England Confederation to solve common problems First step towards the colonies working together

22. Early 1600s – 1660 English Civil War took place England neglected the colonies, allowing them to become semi-independent 1660s – Charles II restored to throne England begins taking much more active role in management of colonies

23. In 1686, the Dominion of New England was created by the king to control colonies (headed by Sir Edmond Andros) All of New England (Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Rhode Island, Connecticut River Valley, New Haven) included Later also included New York and East and West Jersey

24. Sir Edmund Andros' Dominion of New England

25. Purpose of the Dominion of New England Weaken colonies by giving more control to royal authorities Provide for united defense against Indians Navigation Laws Restricted trade between America and foreign countries but Americans did not support these restrictions and smuggling became common (like drug smuggling today)

26. Andros’ restrictions on colonists made them want to rebel because he: Curbed town meetings Put heavy restrictions on courts, press, schools Revoked all land titles Taxed people without consent of their elected representatives Worked to enforce Navigation Acts and stop smuggling

27. 1688 – 1689 – Glorious (Bloodless) Revolution in England English deposed Catholic King James II Enthroned Mary who was Protestant When news of the Glorious Revolution reached Americas A Boston mob rose to overthrow Andros Andros was caught trying to escape in women’s clothing and forced to return to England

28. In 1600s Dutch were a commercial and naval power, challenging England on sea and in trade Explorations of Henry Hudson Sailed to Delaware Bay, New York Bay, and then down the Hudson River Looking for the “Northwest Passage” across Americas to Asia by sea was not successful but claimed the areas he explored for the Netherlands

29. New Netherland (later New Amsterdam) Was founded in 1623 – 1624 in Hudson River Area Established by the Dutch West India Company for quick-profit fur trade Manhattan was purchased by the company for pennies per acre (22,000) from the Indians, who did not technically “own” it

30. England’s King Charles II granted New Netherland’s land to his brother, the Duke of York and in 1664 English soldiers moved to attack New Netherland Stuyvesant was forced to surrender without firing a shot . Area was renamed New York by the English (for the Duke of York) England gained a harbor strategically located between the northern and southern colonies England now controlled the entire Atlantic coast (Maine to Carolinas)

31. Quakers offended religious and secular officials because they Refused to pay taxes to support Church of England Built simple meeting houses and met without paid clergy “spoke up” themselves in meetings Believed all people were children of God and refused to treat upper class with deference (special respect) Pacifists – refused to serve in military or retaliate against enemies

32. In 1681 William Penn received a grant from king to establish colony because he: Wanted to help fellow Quakers escape persecution Believed in liberal ideas of government Wanted to make a profit Penn received the huge grant of fertile land to settle a debt the king owed Penn’s father The king named area Pennsylvania (“Penn’s Woodland”) Philadelphia (“brotherly love”) named capital

33. Pennsylvania’s government Representative assembly elected by landowners No tax-supported church Freedom of worship guaranteed to all Forced to deny right to vote and hold office to Catholics and Jews by English government Death penalty only for treason and murder, compared to 200 capital crimes in England

34. Pennsylvania grew rapidly and attracted many “misfits” from other colonies Exporting grain and other agriculture By 1700 it was surpassed in population and wealth by only Virginia and Massachusetts (both of which had been in existence much longer)

35. New Jersey -In 1664, 2 noble proprietors get area from Duke of York In 1674 West New Jersey was sold to group of Quakers East New Jersey also was acquired by Quakers In 1702 East and West Jersey were combined and made 1 Delaware Named after Lord De La Warr In 1703 the colony was granted its own assembly Remained under control of Pennsylvania until R.W.

36. Middle colonies New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania They had many things in common

37. Life in the Middle Colonies Fertile soil, not rocky like New England Broad rivers allowed furs to be shipped from interior and adventurers to head inland Forests used for lumber and shipbuilding Important harbors (New York, Philadelphia)

38. American Colonies at the End of the Seventeenth Century

39. KEYS TO CHAPTER THREE England to busy fighting at home to watch and govern early colonies and this creates feeling of independence New England colonies prosper based on trade Middle colonies based on both trade and agriculture Religious tolerance of others was mostly a myth in the colonies