SLO County Solar Roofs

1. SLO County Solar Roofs Group #2 • Mark Bilodeau • Chris Heisler • Adam Hipp • Patrick Luther • Allen Trac • Jesse Kantor

2. Stepping Stone Approach Our approach is not a plan for county wide sustainability, it is a step towards it. By leveraging existing infrastructure and expanding to future homes, our approach hopes speed the adoption of residential solar power systems.

3. Where California Gets Its Energy Source: http://www.energy.ca.gov/html/energysources.html

4. Energy Byproducts To simplify the analysis we’ll just look at the most famous byproduct, CO2. Source: http://www-tec.open.ac.uk/eeru/natta/energy.html

5. Average California Household The average household in California uses about 6,500 kilowatt-hours (kWh) per year. This amounts to about 900 kg of CO2 put into the atmosphere per house per year! Single-family new house construction building permits (SLO city): 2002: 180 buildings 2003: 154 buildings = 162,000 kg CO2 = 138,600 kg CO2 Source: http://www.city-data.com/city/San-Luis-Obispo-California.html

6. Available Solar Systems • Fits most roof types including metal, concrete, asphalt, and mission style. • Trackers • Ground Mounted Systems

7. Roof Systems

8. Trackers • Trackers move with the sun to maximize energy production • They increase production by 30 percent.

9. Ground Mounted Systems • Ground mounted systems allow great flexibility of placement.

10. Sunline-8 Astropower Kit (Small System) • Cost- $7,149 before rebates • 1,608 kWh on average produced per year. • This is 25% of average household energy usage. • Requirements- South facing roof with 100 square foot area. • 20 year warranty • 40+ year life expectancy

11. Medium Sized System • 3kW peak power generating capability. • Equivalent to about 4,270 kWh of energy production per year • Produces about 66% of average yearly household energy. • Cost is about $14,000 after rebates but before tax incentives.

12. Larger System • Forty eight 120 Watt solar modules on a 3,500 square foot house. • Produces 8,200 kWh per year which is more than a standard household uses. (6,500 kWh average per household) • Cost after rebate and tax incentives $28,354 • Used South facing roof as well as North facing roof with reverse pitch.

13. SLO COUNTY PV Project

14. Assumptions Average Household uses 500KWHrs/month SLO County has 102,275 housing units There already is a market for solar cells as indicated in Group 1’s presentation. We want to jump start that. Make installments

15. Considerations Efficiency increases from 100W/Panel by 1W/year Prices decrease by 10% for the first five years and 5% there after

16. First Installment: 2010 • Mainly Government Buildings • Aiming for 500 building • Cost 52Million • Energy Produced= 768000kWH/month • Power Savings= $84,480/month • Years to pay off= 51 years

17. Second Installment: 2020 • Built in new housing projects • Aiming for 20% of the 10000 new houses • Cost 23.8Million • Energy Produced= 844,800kWH/month • Power Savings= $92,928/month • Years to pay off= 21.3 years

18. Third Installment: 2040 • Built in new housing projects + replacement of pre-existing systems + installation onto 30,000 developed homes without the system • Aiming for 20% of the 10000 new houses • Cost 28.4Million • Energy Produced= 16,972,800kWH/month • Power Savings= $1,867,008/month • Years to pay off= 10.79 years

19. SLO COUNTY PV Project Summary • After the fourth installment, we reached the average household energy use of 500kWH/month.

20. Million Solar Roofs “Capturing the sun’s warmth can help us turn down the Earth’s temperature.”– President Bill Clinton, June 1997. • A venture between government and the private sector to grow the demand for solar energy technologies. • Goal of installing one million solar energy systems on America’s roofs by the year 2010. Source: http://www.consumerenergycenter.org/renewable/

21. Million Solar Roofs Significant Economic and Environmental Benefits • The reduction of emissions of pollutants • The creation of high tech jobs • Providing a resilient source of electricity • Increasing our Nation’s fuel diversity • Enhancing the competitiveness of the U.S. solar industry

22. Million Solar Roofs Programs • Net metering laws or rules-- allows the user to be interconnected with local utility in order to monitor a “net” consumption or production of electricity, reflected in one’s billing statement. • Renewable portfolio standards –either encourages the use of renewable energy by setting targets for electricity generated from renewable sources; or requires suppliers of electricity to develop portfolios with a certain percentage of renewable content. • System benefit charges -- allows utilities to add a charge to a consumer’s bill. The funds collected can be spent on renewable technologies and energy efficiency improvements. • Buydown programs--financial incentives to “buy down” the relatively high up-front costs of an installed solar system. • Tax incentivesof various types

23. State and Local Partnerships • Access to the Million Solar Roofs Small Grants program for State and Local Partnerships      • Assistance in obtaining low-cost loans, buy-down grants, and other financial assistance       • Training, technical assistance, and information from Department of Energy’s Regional Offices     • Recognition and support on a national, regional, and local basis       • Linkage with solar energy businesses, associations, and related industries that can provide assistance to local partnerships and others interested in solar energy applications Source: http://www.millionsolarroofs.com/

24. California Incentives • Anaheim Public Utilities - PV Buydown Program $4.00/watt up to $7,000 • Burbank Water & Power - Residential & Commercial Solar Support $3.00/watt up to $9,000 • California Property Tax Exemption for Solar Systems 100% of projected value; from 1/99 to 1/06; systems not subject to prop taxes • City of Palo Alto Utilities- PV Partners $4.00/watt up to $12,000 • County of San Diego - Green Building Program waves building permit fees and plan check of PV systems • Emerging Renewables (Rebate) Program $3.00/watt up over 6 months up to 75% of system’s installed costs; systems smaller than 30kW • Glendale Water & Power - Solar Solutions Program $4.00/watt up to 50% of installed cost of system Source: http://www.dsireusa.org/

25. California Incentives • LADWP - Solar Incentive Program Systems smaller than 30kW, $3.50/watt for systems manufactured outside of LA and $4.50/watt for systems manufactured within LA up to 75% of eligible cost • Redding Electric - Vantage Renewable Energy Rebate Program 50% of project cost up to $10,000 • Roseville Electric - PV Buy Down Program $4.00/watt up to maximum 5kW system/$20,000 • SELFGEN - Self-Generation Program $4.50/watt up to 50% of projected cost; Customers of PG&E, SDG&E, Edison and SoCal Gas • SMUD - PV Pioneer II Loan 50% of cost loan available Source: http://www.dsireusa.org/

26. California Incentives • Solar or Wind Energy System Credit - Personal $4.50/watt or 7.5% of net installed system cost, whichever is less; state income tax credit • Tax Deduction for Interest on Loans for Energy Efficiency 100% of interest from loan is tax deductible Source: http://www.dsireusa.org/

27. SLO County PV with Incentives • Assumption • Using the medium sized solar array • Produces 3kW max peak power • Accounts for 66% of household energy usage. • Cost without rebates assumed to be $26,000 • Using the large sized solar array • Produces 5760 kW max peak power • Produces 8200 kWh yearly • 126% of the yearly usage • Cost without rebates is 40,000.

28. Fiscal Impact of Rebates • Compare the cost benefits and pay off time of two different rebates for a photovoltaic system to a system that receives no rebate. • First rebate $2.33 per watt with a cap at $7000. • Second rebate is $4.00 per watt with a cap of $12,000.

29. Rebate of $2.33 per watt. System cost of $19,000. Years to pay off. First installment 51 yrs. Second installment 21 yrs Third installment 11 yrs Rebate of $4.00 per watt System cost of $14,000. Years to pay off. First installment 51 yrs Second installment 12 yrs Third installment 6 yrs PV System With Rebates (Medium Sized Array)

30. Comparison of years to pay off for non rebate and rebate system.($2.33 per watt) • The first installment does not see a change because the rebates do not affect government buildings. • The second installment sees a decrease in payoff time of 5 yrs from 21 yrs to 16 yrs. • The third installment sees a decrease in payoff time of 3 yrs from 11 yrs to 8 yrs.

31. Comparison of years to pay off for non rebate and rebate system.($4.00 per watt) • Once again the first installment will not be affected. • The second installment sees a decrease in payoff time of 10 yrs from 21 yrs to 11 yrs. • The third installment sees a decrease in payoff time of 5 yrs from 11 yrs to 6 yrs.

32. Rebate of $2.33 per watt (max of $7,000). System cost of $33,000. Years to pay off. First installment 36.2 yrs Second installment 15 Third installment 8.2 yrs Rebate of $4.00 per watt (max of $12,000) System cost of $28,000. Years to pay off. First installment 36.2 yrs Second installment 12.7 yrs Third installment 7 yrs PV System With Rebates (Large Sized Array)

33. Comparison of years to pay off for non rebate and rebate large system.($2.33 per watt max of $7,000) • The first installment does not see a change because the rebates do not affect government buildings. • The second installment sees a decrease in payoff time of 3 yrs from 18 yrs to 15 yrs. • The third installment sees a decrease in payoff time of 2 yrs from 10 yrs to 8 yrs.

34. Comparison of years to pay off for non rebate and rebate large system.($4.00 per watt max of $12,000) • The first installment does not see a change because the rebates do not affect government buildings. • The second installment sees a decrease in payoff time of 5 yrs from 18 yrs to 13 yrs. • The third installment sees a decrease in payoff time of 3 yrs from 10 yrs to 7 yrs.

35. Conclusions of Photovoltaic Plan • The non-residential building benefit much more from installing the larger system. • The payoff time goes from 51.2 yrs. to 36.2 yrs with the larger system. • Residential housing does not benefit much from installing the larger system. • The payoff time is about the same with rebates. • Could possibly save more by selling energy back to the energy company.

36. Environmental Impact (medium system) • Assuming the average household uses 6500 kWh per year and that produces 900 kg of CO2. • The first installment will save 2552 kg of CO2 per building. • This leads to a total of 1.28 Million kg of carbon dioxide saved.

37. Environmental Impact (medium system cont.) • The second installment will cut 701.8 kg of carbon dioxide per household, which leads to a total 1.4 Million kg of carbon dioxide. • The third stage cuts the production of carbon dioxide by 829.4 kg per household, with a total of 28.2 Million kg of carbon dioxide.

38. Environmental Impact (larger system) • Since all energy necessities are met by the larger system then 100% of the carbon dioxide normally produced by the household is eliminated. • Other carbon dioxide can be prevented using the surplus energy of the PV system.

39. Conclusion • By means of governmental action PV systems can contribute to a savings in energy, decrease the amount of carbon dioxide, and contribute to the sustainability of our world.