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Tourism Life Cycle | Skyline College

Living person, tourism destinations go through periods of birth, rise, maturing, decline & termination, Unlike a human’s life a tourist destination’s cycle depends on the dynamics of market, Of course when we talk of birth, no area actually starts from scratch but the period of development as a tourist destination is considered; similarly end does not mean complete annihilation of the area.

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Tourism Life Cycle | Skyline College

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  1. Tourism Life Cycle - Aritro Dasgupta

  2. Tourism Life Cycle- Concept Introduction Like any living person, tourism destinations go through periods of birth, rise, maturing, decline & termination Unlike a human’s life a tourist destination’s cycle depends on the dynamics of market Of course when we talk of birth, no area actually starts from scratch but the period of development as a tourist destination is considered; similarly end does not mean complete annihilation of the area

  3. Product Life Cycle

  4. Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) Tracks the progress of the tourist region Can provide vital cues about appropriate timely action intended to avoid decline Several destinations have gone in to decline due to lack of expert advice & analysis TALC also provides focal point for policy makers & tourists to pose crucial questions

  5. TALC Analysis What leads a destination to change over time How markets change Which stage destination is at presently What may be expected of the destination What may be done to revive destination

  6. Stages of TALC Model • Exploration • Involvement • Development • Consolidation • Stagnation • . • Decline • Rejuvenation

  7. Exploration Area hidden from worldview A small number of visitors arrive seeking unspoiled destinations Tourism facilities hardly exist, so tourists share facilities with locals or create some make-shift arrangement Contact with locals high, economic returns minimal eg: unexplored parts of Amazon rain forest, Patagonian cold desert, arctic extremes, deep interiors of Saharan desert etc.

  8. Involvement Tourist- host relationship from previous stage continues Number of incoming tourists increase Increase in professionally maintained facilities eg: niche tourism in Western Ghats / Sunderbans, historical tourism in Sicily

  9. Development Heavy advertising of tourism venues Characterized by externally owned & controlled facilities Local ownership & control declines Usually requires heavy government funding Landscape alters with new development eg: Khajuraho in MP, Ladakh, Prague (Czech Republic), areas around Ngorongoro crater (Tanzania) etc.

  10. Consolidation Destination at peak of tourist arrivals Rate of increase declines as already at maximum stage of development Wide ranging advertising promoting off-seasons Facilities & infrastructure start showing signs of age eg: Manali, Goa, Kerala coast, Agra, Swiss Alps, museums & historical / artistic attractions at London, Paris or Rome

  11. Stagnation Peak visitor numbers already achieved, numbers start falling Capacity levels exceeded across variables resulting in environmental, social & economic problems Region is well known & established but no longer fashionable Some venues start diversifying eg: Shimla, pockets of Brazilian coastline, pilgrimage sites on Himalayas, parts of Florida coastline, Bangkok

  12. Decline Inability to maintain market share No longer on the favourite list though may serve as venues for day-trips Tourism related structures converted to other uses like retirement centres, apartments & offices Political reasons could also be responsible Increasing number of permanent residents attracted for non-tourism related businesses eg: Calcutta in 1960s, Delhi post Commonwealth Games, Costa Rica, Kashmir in 1990s, Bournemouth (UK), Nice (France)

  13. Rejuvenation At the stage of decline, every destination has the choice whether to go in to terminal decline or rejuvenate Requires complete change in destination’s appeal eg: Mumbai’s repackaging as gateway to north Konkan coast (Tarkarli, Sindhudurg, Zanjira etc.), Los Angeles etc.

  14. Reasons for Decline in Tourist Arrivals Growth in low-status, low spend visitors & day visitors Competition from holiday abroad Overdependence on long-holiday market Limited appeal to overseas visitors Highly seasonal destinations Outdated, poorly maintained accommodation & amenities Local opposition to tourism

  15. Reasons for Decline in Tourist Arrivals Lack of professional, experienced staff Local government reorganization creating amalgams of resorts & diluting political power of resorts in larger authorities Shortage of research data Demands for increased operational efficiency & entrepreneurial activity in local government

  16. Thank You

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