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Coronavirus Information Guide

Download the Coronavirus Information Guide- https://bit.ly/3kXcDdx<br><br>This information deck explains Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in detail. This content deck can be used for giving detailed sessions on COVID-19 to the employees. In brief, the deck explains that Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered family of coronavirus. It is believed that coronavirus (COVID-19) emerged from a bat-borne virus.<br>The first-ever case of this deadly virus was detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. It is said to have spread through a wholesale food market in Wuhan, where humans must have contracted the disease after coming in contact with the infected bat's species. This highly contagious virus spreads from one (infected) person to another, and within six months, WHO announced the COVID-19 outbreak- a pandemic.<br>Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. Older people and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop severe illness. The usual symptoms of this virus are fever, cough, breathing issues, body aches, and in some cases, other diseases accompany it. The COVID-19 virus spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes. COVID-19 is a form of respiratory illness, and it gradually attacks the lungs if not taken immediate measures to control it. The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is to be well informed about the COVID-19 virus, the disease it causes, and how it spreads. To protect oneself from this infection, you must thoroughly wash your hands or use an alcohol-based rub frequently and not touch one's face. Always wear a face mask. By taking these strict measures, we can slowly but gradually control the spread of COVID-19.

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Coronavirus Information Guide

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  1. CoronaVirus Profile

  2. Human corona virus infections Origins Human coronaviruses were first identified in the mid-1960s People around the world commonly get infected with four human coronaviruses: 229E (alpha coronavirus), NL63 (alpha coronavirus) OC43 (beta coronavirus) HKU1 (beta coronavirus) Spread Usually they cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses, like the common cold Symptoms Sometimes coronaviruses that infect animals evolve and become a new human coronavirus, SARS-CoV beta coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS MERS-CoV (the beta coronavirus that causes Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, or MERS Types SARS-CoV-2 (the novel coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19; 2019 - current) Profile

  3. Coronaviruses Large family of viruses that are common in people and many different species of animals, including camels, cattle, cats, and bats; most of the coronaviruses in humans are derived from the bat reservoir 01 The name "coronavirus" is derived from Latin corona, meaning "crown", itself a borrowing from Greek κορώνηkorṓnē; the name refers to the characteristic appearance of virions (the infective form of the virus) by electron microscopy 02 In humans, several coronaviruses are known to cause respiratory infections ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) 03 The most recently discovered coronavirus causes has been named “SARS-CoV-2” (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) and the disease it causes has been named “coronavirus disease 2019” (abbreviated “COVID-19”) 04

  4. Coronaviruses • Positive-stranded RNA viruses • Long RNA genome: 27-32 kb SARS-CoV virion Four structural proteins: S, E, M, N

  5. Virus profile: SARS-CoV 2 The two types of SARS-CoV-2 showed differences in temporal and spatial distributions. Tang et al.; National Science Review 2020

  6. Four genera of coronaviruses: alpha-, beta-, delta-, gamma- Binds ACE2 Binds ACE2 SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV-2 Li 2016 Ann. Rev. Virol. Li 2016 Ann. Rev. Virol. Common circulating respiratory viruses in humans Zoonotic viruses with varying pathogenicity in humans Gorbalena et. al. 2020 BioRxiv

  7. Only alpha- and beta- coronaviruses are known to infect humans Common coronaviruses (endemic): Mild symptoms (i.e. cold), circulate in human populations • 229E (alpha) – endemic reports in the 1960s • NL63 (alpha) – discovered in 2005 • OC43 (beta) – endemic reports in the 1960s • HKU1 (beta) – discovered in 2006 Other coronaviruses (epidemic): Outbreaks with high case fatalities • MERS (beta) – emerged in 2012 • SARS-CoV (beta) – emerged in 2003 • SARS-CoV-2 (beta) – emerged in 2019 Human coronavirus reservoirs and intermediate hosts -2 pangolin? https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/types.html Corman et al. 2018 Advances in Virus Research

  8. COVID-19: What is it and where did it come from? Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. The COVID-19 virus spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes, so it’s important that you also practice respiratory etiquette (for example, by coughing into a flexed elbow). Protect yourself and others from infection by washing your hands or using an alcohol based rub frequently and not touching your face. The first confirmed case found in Wuhan Dr. Zhang obtained the full sequence of the viral nucleic acid Beijing, Shanghai & other places initiated first-level response Vulcan hill hospital began to accept COVID-19 patients Dec 31,2019 Jan 24,2020 Jan 30,2020 COVID-19 Dec 07,2019 Jan 05,2020 Jan 25,2020 Feb 04,2020 Identified as a new coronavirus infection Evidence suggest COVID-19 originates from wildlife WHO declared the outbreak of a public health emergency international concern

  9. In December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases were reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.1 01 Progression of the outbreak soon suggested that person-to-person transmission was also occurring.1 02 Series of Events By January 7, 2020, the causative pathogen was isolated and identified as novel coronavirus (previously known as 2019-nCOV, and currently as SARS-CoV-2).2 03 04 The outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020.3 On 11 February 2020, WHO announced a name for the new coronavirus disease: COVID-19.3 And with the current status of spread of the disease, WHO characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic on March 11, 2020.3 05

  10. A little bit of history 01 SARS CoV The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) first emerged from China in late 2002/2003; no cases of SARS-CoV have been detected since 2004; the case fatality rate of SARS-CoV was around 10% 02 MERS CoV The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) first appeared in 2012; MERS-CoV continues to circulate with 2,499 reported cases and 861 deaths as of December 2019; the case fatality rate of MERS-CoV is 35%

  11. Thank You

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