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Israel and its Neighbors

Israel and its Neighbors. Objective 1: Explain the political boundaries of the countries in this area. Objective 2: Describe the roots of the conflict between Israel and its neighbors. Objective 3: Debate the human rights situation in the region. Political Boundaries. Physical Geography.

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Israel and its Neighbors

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  1. Israel and its Neighbors Objective 1: Explain the political boundaries of the countries in this area. Objective 2: Describe the roots of the conflict between Israel and its neighbors. Objective 3: Debate the human rights situation in the region

  2. Political Boundaries

  3. Physical Geography

  4. Physical Features and Climate • Part of the Fertile Cresent (good conditions for growing crops, part of Mesopotamia) • Rain shadow (dry area that forms behind the highland) • creates semiarid and arid conditions

  5. Where do people live?

  6. Religious Differences • Two major ethnic groups: Jews and Arabs • Arabs are a majority group everywhere except Israel. What major languages are spoken in this area? • Jews • Some have lived in Israel for thousands of years • Some have recently migrated to Israel, bringing new customs and cultures. • Arabs • Druze – follow religion that combines Islam with other teachings • Alawites – follow a form of Islam similar to Shia.

  7. Roots of Conflict • After WW1 – mandated territory to European powers. Following the fall of which empire? • Palestine mandated to the U.K. • Anti-Semitism (discrimination against Jews) • Zionism – create a Jewish state in Palestine, due to historic connections to the region. • 1947 – UN partitioned Palestine into two separate states. Rejected by Arabs. Israel declared independence in 1948.

  8. Conflict • Arab-Israeli War 1948, causes Israel to gain more territory. • Arabs gained control of West Bank and Gaza Strip • Israel – Egypt war 1956 • 1967 – Israel defeats Syria, Jordan, and Egypt in the Six Day War. Israel gains control of West Bank, Sinai Peninsula, and Gaza Strip. • Israel returns Sinai to Egypt in 1979 Peace Accord

  9. Israeli-Palestinian Conflict • Israelis and Palestinians see the region as their homeland • Both claim Jerusalem as their capital • Israeli settlements on the West Bank and Gaza Strip have caused tension. • Increased terror attacks against Israel • Intifada – campaign of violent resistance against Israeli control

  10. Intifida

  11. Early Peace? • 1994 – Israel agreed to peace with the PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization -Yasser Arafat) • Palestinian Authority to rule parts of West Bank and Gaza Strip • Israel agreed to remove settlers from Gaza Strip • PLO recognized Israel’s right to exist and renounced terrorism • Second Intifada (2000 – 2005)

  12. Further Conflict and Hope for Peace • Israel built barriers to separate Arab and Jewish sectors. • Aided in security but made it more difficult for Palestinians to access farmland. • 2006 – Hamas gains control of Palestinian parliament. Goal of Hamas? • Began rocket attacks and Israeli reprisals • Violence is seen as an obstacle to peace

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