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Plant Processes and Factors That Affect Them

Understand how plants impact CO2/O2 exchange, the essential roles of photosynthesis and respiration, factors affecting plant growth, and nutrients plants need for healthy development.

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Plant Processes and Factors That Affect Them

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  1. Plant Processes and Factors That Affect Them Original Power Point Created by Mr. Morgan Modified by the GA Agriculture Education Curriculum Office July 2002

  2. Why Plants are a Vital Part of CO2/O2 Exchange • Animals breathe in air, use oxygen, and exhale carbon dioxide • Animals need oxygen to survive • Plants do the opposite- they take carbon dioxide from the air and give off oxygen • Through this cycle the correct balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide is maintained in the atmosphere

  3. Why Plants are a Vital Part CO2/O2 Exchange • The large-scale destruction of plants may lead to problems with the air we breathe

  4. Why Photosynthesis is Essential to CO2/O2 Exchange • The broad surface area of the leaf absorbs sunlight to be used as energy • Carbon dioxide is taken from the air and the other nutrients (including water) are taken from the soil and transported to the leaves in the water through the xylem • Chloroplasts participate in a chemical process that converts their raw materials into usable food for the plant

  5. Why Photosynthesis is Essential to CO2/O2 Exchange • The chemical reaction takes carbon dioxide and water and converts these materials to sugar and oxygen • 6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O2 • Photosynthesis occurs only in the presence of light

  6. Respiration Importance in CO2/O2 Exchange • Respiration is the reverse of photosynthesis • Sugar and oxygen are broken down, releasing carbondioxide,water, and energy • C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy • Respiration occurs 24 hours a day

  7. Plant Growth Requirements • A. Nutrients • B. Air • C. Water • D. Light • E. Correct temperature

  8. How Light and Temperature affect Plants • Light intensity- growth is greatly reduced at lower light intensities. Most plants cannot grow below 100-200 foot candles, about the level of light in an average room • The compensation point is the light intensity at which a plant will maintain itself but not grow • Temperatures at night are lower, therefore the plant goes through respiration

  9. How Light and Temperature affect Plants • Light duration- the length of the day helps plants distinguish what time of year it is • Some plants will only flower in the spring but can be induced to flower in the winter (in a controlled environment) by extending the light duration • Temperatures during the day hours are higher and encourage plant development

  10. Phototropism • Phototropism is the development responses of plants to the relative direction of the light

  11. Thermotropism • Thermotropism is the plant characteristic in which a plant will grow towards areas with more desirable temperatures

  12. Places where Plants Get Nutrients for Growth • Soil • Air

  13. Functions of Primary Nutrients • Nitrogen: fast growth, synthesis of organic compounds- including amino acids, proteins, coenzymes, nucleic acids, and chlorophyll • Phosphorus: energy storage and transfer • Potassium: photosynthesis, sugar translocation, and enzyme activation

  14. Functions of Secondary Nutrients • Calcium: components of cell walls, cell growth and division • Magnesium: central part of chlorophyll, photosynthesis • Sulfur: amino acids and vitamins

  15. Functions of Micronutrients • Iron: synthesis of chlorophyll • Boron: regulation of metabolism • Zinc: protein synthesis • Manganese: respiration, photosynthesis • Copper: enzyme activation • Chlorine: photosynthetic processes • Sodium: plant-water relations

  16. Effects of CO2 Fertilization on Plant Growth • Plant growth will increase as carbon dioxide increases, as long as carbon dioxide is the limiting nutrient

  17. Five Types of Growth Regulators • Auxins: growth promoting hormone • Freshly cut stems are dipped into this • Gibberellins: stimulates growth in plants • Dwarf plants transform into normal sized plants • Kinins (cytokinins): influence in stimulation of cell division • Dormin: promotes flowering in some short day plants and promotes dormancy in buds and seeds • Ethylene: uniform ripening, sex conversion

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