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Poultry Nutrition and Feed Ingredients What and Why

Poultry Nutrition and Feed Ingredients What and Why. Dr. Park Waldroup Novus International Distinguished Professor. NCIFAP Feb. 12-13, 2007 Fayetteville AR. Nutrient requirements of chickens are well known. Easy animal to study Small numbers needed Fast growth rate and short life span

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Poultry Nutrition and Feed Ingredients What and Why

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  1. Poultry Nutrition and Feed IngredientsWhat and Why Dr. Park Waldroup Novus International Distinguished Professor NCIFAP Feb. 12-13, 2007 Fayetteville AR

  2. Nutrient requirements of chickens are well known • Easy animal to study • Small numbers needed • Fast growth rate and short life span • Close relationship between poultry scientists and the poultry industry has meant rapid transfer of knowledge

  3. Transfer of research results to industry implementation has been extremely rapid in the poultry industry

  4. Basic Approach to Feed Formulation • Establish nutrient specifications to be met • Determine ingredients available for use • Establish limitations on ingredient usage • Quantity available • Physical factors • Antinutritive factors • Blend ingredients under the limitations imposed to provide required nutrients for optimal economic performance

  5. Nutrient needs of poultry well known

  6. Complete vitamin mixes used

  7. Trace mineral mixes provide microminerals

  8. Many nutrients always present in adequate amounts

  9. Ten key nutrients must be considered

  10. Who sets the standards for poultry feeds? • In many countries, feed is sold to farmers. In most of these countries a government agency sets minimum nutrient standards that are designed to “protect” the farmer and are usually much higher than the bird needs. • In an integrated system feed is not “sold” and the company sets its own standards regarding nutrient level and ingredient quality.

  11. Variation in Nutrient Content of Broiler Starter Diets Among 160 Poultry Complexes

  12. What do chickens need in their diet? • Well balanced protein source. • Grains, grain byproducts, and fat or oil for energy. • A source of digestible phosphorus free from contaminants such as Fl or Va. • Essential minerals such as Ca and Na along with many trace minerals. • Essential vitamins from natural ingredients or from chemical synthesis.

  13. Relative energy value of major grains and grain byproducts for poultry

  14. Cereal grain usage for various purposes (2002) U.S. Cereal grain usage (2002) Source: Feed Situation and Outlook Yearbook, ERS

  15. U.S. Corn used for ethanol production (millions of bushels) U.S. Ethanol Production (millions of gallons)

  16. Major Protein Sources for Poultry

  17. Processed feeds and quantity fed in U.S. (2002) Source: Feed Situation and Outlook Yearbook, ERS

  18. Supplemental ingredients • Inedible fats from rendering, vegetable oil processing, restaurants and fast-food chains provide high energy for diets. • Pure amino acid supplements enable the reduction in crude protein in the diet by providing a more balanced protein. • Methionine • Lysine • Threonine • Tryptophan

  19. Typical U.S. Broiler Diet

  20. MAJOR FEED ADDITIVES • Anticoccidial drugs • Antibiotics for growth promotion • Antibiotics for disease control • Arsenicals for growth promotion and enhancement of anticoccidial drugs • HORMONES ARE NOT FED!!!!!!!!!!!

  21. Feed Additive Usage in Poultry FeedsSurvey of 112 poultry complexes Source: Agri-Stats, November 2006

  22. Nutrition and the Environment • Poultry industry characterized by large numbers of animals in a concentrated area. • Much of the poultry production is located in areas with poor agronomic properties • Results in excess nutrients in broiler excreta for land application

  23. Nutrition and the Environment • Phosphorus excretion can be reduced by use of phytase enzymes and more closely adhering to minimum phosphorus needs. About 80-85% of US broiler diets use phytase • Nitrogen excretion can be reduced by greater supplementation with synthetic amino acids and blending protein sources. This is not without cost and may reduce performance. • Excretion of trace minerals such as Zn or Cu can be reduced by more costly organic forms of these minerals.

  24. Biofuel production may significantly impact poultry feeding • Increase in ethanol production will remove significant amount of corn from feed pool • Residual DDGS have reduced energy value for broilers and poor protein quality • Modifications to use more of the corn value for ethanol and biodiesel will further reduce DDGS value • Increase in biodiesel will remove considerable amount of inedible fats • Glycerine byproduct has energy value similar to corn but much less energy than do fats and oils

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