A Brief History of Crime (and Punishment!)

1. A Brief History of Crime (and Punishment!) Memory Recovery Exercise Past, Present, Future @PPFadmin

2. A brief history of Crime and Punishment 3 By C1000AD, there were laws in place for both of these wrongdoings. There was also a procedure for apprehending a criminal called the _______and _____ 2 Thousands of years ago, there was no state or laws. But, there were 2 things that people quickly established that were wrong- 1 2 1 Today, we have many laws to protect and control us. We have a state to do this which includes the government, the police, security services etc 5 For crimes against another person, the Saxons had a series of fines. This was called _____________ 4 Trials were carried out by ___________ 6 Then, in 1066, the_____________ arrived to ___________ England 9 Secondly, he introduced the Forest Laws making ___________ and ___________on his land illegal 8 Firstly, he declared that all land was his and that the people were to be controlled by Norman__________ under the ___________ ______________. 7 Faced with hostility, changes were made to English law by ___________ the _______________

3. Norman and Medieval Period 1066-1500 11 He also used extreme violence to put down any uprisings. One example of this is the ____________of the North 10 To stop uprisings against him, he introduced the ____________ Law. It made whole communities jointly responsible if a ___________was killed. 12 Some things didn’t change too much. Criminals were still rounded up by the _____and ______ 13 Trials were still carried out by ___________ but an additional version called Trial by __________ was introduced. 14 Henry II (1154-1189) made some huge changes. Firstly, he introduced _______ courts 15 Secondly, he introduced trial by ______made up of 12 people 17 Then in 1215, King John was forced to agree to the _________ ___________. This meant that the power of the ______ was limited for the first time and he could not make _____ just by himself. 18 In the medieval period, the use of of _________ and __________ for minor crimes became common. 16 He sent _______ all around the country to try cases consistently according to his laws rather than regional laws.

4. Tudor England 1485-1603 19 In Tudor England much of the responsibility for law and order was given to ___________ in each town. 21 There was much religious turmoil in the Tudor period and punishments for ___________ (expressing beliefs that differed from the Church) became more common and more severe 20 As they had huge workloads, many of them resorted to ________ in order to secure a ____________ 22 Due to the closing of the Monasteries by Henry VIII, there was an increase of __________ on the streets of English towns 23 As well as the genuine poor (vagabonds), there were _______ who pretended to be poor and/or sick 24 In 1531, the government brought in __________ to allow people who were genuinely poor to beg 25 If you were caught begging without a licence, you could be- (i)____________ (ii)_____________ 27 The use of ________ and _________continued for minor crimes. 26 Queen Elizabeth introduced Houses of _______________. Rogues could be sent to one and made to work for their meals in the hope that they would change their character!

5. Stuart England/early modern era 1603-1837 28 In 1605 there was a plot to kill King _________ and his Government through the use of ______________ 29 The member of the plot were killed by being ________, ________ and _______________ 30 In the 1640s, there was a sudden increase in people being tried for ____________. 33 There was also a massive increase in _______________ goods such as tea and _______ into the country 31 This was due mostly to the efforts of ___________ _____________ who called himself the ______________ ______________ 32 Shortly after the English Civil War 1642-1651, a new type of criminal emerged-The __________________ 34 The government could not cope with this increase in crime and so to deter criminals, they made death the punishment for over ____ crimes. This was called the ___________ _______ 36 In London, a magistrate called John _______ set up the _____ _______ _______ to catch criminals 35 To try and catch criminals, more and more towns employed ________________

6. Modern era 1800-1837 39 Criminals could no longer be killed for most crimes and ______________ was much more difficult due to American Independence 37 In the 1820s, a Home Secretary called Robert _____ decided that reform of the justice system was needed 38 He decided that the threat of the death sentence was not serving as a _________ and so abolished it as the punishment for over ____ crimes 42 Reformers like Elizabeth ____ tried to persuade the government to make conditions in prisons better 40 Therefore, Britain would need to build more ____ and so the 1823 ______ Act was passed 41 The new prisons copied the design of ___________ and incorporated the ____________ system 45 In order to prevent crime and to catch those who did break the law, the __________ ________ ______ was passed in 1829 43 She suggested that time in prison could be used to ____________prisoners so that they might be better __________ upon release 44 Despite this, most prisons were run to break the ______of the prisoner through ______ ___________

7. The Victorian era 1837-1901 48 Other areas began to request their own Police force and in 1839, the ___________ Police Act made it possible for other areas to do this 46 At first they were unpopular because people thought they were government ___________ 47 People began to accept that they were needed due to a massive increase in________ in _________ and cities. 49 In 1856, the __________ Police Act made it ____________ for all areas to have a Police force. 50 More Police were put on the ______ to try and reduce instances of crimes such as ______________ 51 In 1842, the Metropolitan Police Force employed 8 plain-clothed ___________ 2 54 C.I.D work was unscientific and this allowed _______ ____ ___________ to get away with his awful crimes in 1888 52 In 1854, the Nottingham Borough Police set up a ______________ ______________ ________________(C.I.D) 53 ________ set up a C.I.D in 1858 and other areas started to do the same

8. 20th Century and beyond.. 55 A major breakthrough for crime investigation was the first use of _____________ to catch criminals after 1905 56 The appearance of ______ on the streets made new laws necessary such as the _________ ______ _____1903 57 Temporary laws were needed during World War One (1914-1918) to ___________ men into the army 58 During World War One there were restrictions to the sale of _______. After the war, more drugs were made illegal. 60 After World War 2, there were problems with _____ crimeafter increased ____________ to Britain 59 Further increases of _____ ownership led to the _____ _________ ____ 1930 62 People also began to question the _______ Penalty after the executions of _____ _________ and ________ _____________. It was abolished in ________ 63 C.I.D work developed massively and in 1987, _________ evidence was used for the first time in a case. 61 In the 196os, laws were passed to outlaw ____________ ______________

9. A Brief History of Crime (and Punishment!) Answers

10. A brief history of Crime and Punishment 2 Thousands of years ago, there was no state or laws. But, there were 2 things that people quickly established that were wrong- 1 Theft 2 Assault/murder 3 By C1000AD, there were laws in place for both of these wrongdoings. There was also a procedure for apprehending a criminal called the Hue and Cry 1 Today, we have many laws to protect and control us. We have a state to do this which includes the government, the police, security services etc 5 For crimes against another person, the Saxons had a series of fines. This was called Weregild 4 Trials were carried out by ordeal 6 Then, in 1066, the Normans arrived to conquer England 9 Secondly, he introduced the Forest Laws making poaching and foraging on his land illegal 8 Firstly, he declared that all land was his and that the people were to be controlled by Normanbarons under theFeudal System 7 Faced with hostility, changes were made to English law by William the Conqueror

11. Norman and Medieval Period 1066-1500 11 He also used extreme violence to put down any uprisings. One example of this is the Harrying of the North 10 To stop uprisings against him, he introduced the MurdrumLaw. It made whole communities jointly responsible if a Norman was killed. 12 Some things didn’t change too much. Criminals were still rounded up by the Hue and Cry 13 Trials were still carried out by ordeal but an additional version called Trial by combat was introduced. 14 Henry II (1154-1189) made some huge changes. Firstly, he introduced Royal courts 15 Secondly, he introduced trial by Jury made up of 12 people 17 Then in 1215, King John was forced to agree to the Magna Carta. This meant that the power of the King was limited for the first time and he could not make laws just by himself. 18 In the medieval period, the use of ofstocks and pillories for minor crimes became common. 16 He sent judges all around the country to try cases consistently according to his laws rather than regional laws.

12. Tudor England 1485-1603 19 In Tudor England much of the responsibility for law and order was given to magistrates in each town. 21 There was much religious turmoil in the Tudor period and punishments for Heresy (expressing beliefs that differed from the Church) became more common and more severe 20 As they had huge workloads, many of them resorted to torture in order to secure a conviction 22 Due to the closing of the Monasteries by Henry VIII, there was an increase of begging on the streets of English towns 23 As well as the genuine poor (vagabonds), there were rogues who pretended to be poor and/or sick 24 In 1531, the government brought in licences to allow people who were genuinely poor to beg 25 If you were caught begging without a licence, you could be- (i) Flogged (ii)Branded 26 Queen Elizabeth introduced Houses of Correction. Rogues could be sent to one and made to work for their meals in the hope that they would change their character! 27 The use of Stocks and pillories continued for minor crimes.

13. Stuart England/early modern era 1603-1837 28 In 1605 there was a plot to kill King James and his Government through the use of gunpowder 29 The member of the plot were killed by being hung, drawn and quartered 30 In the 1640s, there was a sudden increase in people being tried for witchcraft. 33 There was also a massive increase in smuggling goods such as tea and sugar into the country 31 This was due mostly to the efforts of Matthew Hopkins who called himself the Witchfinder General 32 Shortly after the English Civil War 1642-1651, a new type of criminal emerged-The Highwayman 34 The government could not cope with this increase in crime and so to deter criminals, they made death the punishment for over 200 crimes. This was called the Bloody Code 36 In London, a magistrate called John Fielding set up the Bow Street Runners to catch criminals 35 To try and catch criminals, more and more towns employed Nightwatchmen

14. Modern era 1800-1837 39 Criminals could no longer be killed for most crimes and transportation was much more difficult due to American Independence 37 In the 1820s, a Home Secretary called Robert Peel decided that reform of the justice system was needed 38 He decided that the threat of the death sentence was not serving as a deterrent and so abolished it as the punishment for over 200 crimes 42 Reformers like Elizabeth Fry tried to persuade the government to make conditions in prisons better 40 Therefore, Britain would need to build more jails and so the 1823 Gaols Act was passed 41 The new prisons copied the design of Pentonville and incorporated the Separate system 45 In order to prevent crime and to catch those who did break the law, the Metropolitan Police Act passed in 1829 43 She suggested that time in prison could be used to educate prisoners so that they might be better citizens upon release 44 Despite this, most prisons were run to break the spirit of the prisoner through solitary confinement

15. The Victorian era 1837-1901 48 Other areas began to request their own Police force and in 1839, the County Police Act made it possible for other areas to do this 46 At first they were unpopular because people thought they were government agents or spies 47 People began to accept that they were needed due to a massive increase in crime in towns and cities. 49 In 1856, theRuralPolice Act made it compulsory for all areas to have a Police force. 50 More Police were put on the beat to try and reduce instances of crimes such as pick-pocketing 51 In 1842, the Metropolitan Police Force employed 8 plain-clothed detectives 2 54 C.I.D work was unscientific and this allowed Jack the Ripper to get away with his awful crimes in 1888 52 In 1854, the Nottingham Borough Police set up a Criminal Investigation Department C.I.D) 53 London set up a C.I.D in 1858 and other areas started to do the same

16. 20th Century and beyond.. 55 A major breakthrough for crime investigation was the first use of fingerprints to catch criminals after 1905 56 The appearance of cars on the streets made new laws necessary such as the Motor Car Act 1903 57 Temporary laws were needed during World War One (1914-1918) to conscript men into the army 58 During World War One there were restrictions to the sale of cocaine. After the war, more drugs were made illegal. 60 After World War 2, there were problems with race crime after increased immigration to Britain 59 Further increases of car ownership led to the Road Traffic Act 1930 62 People also began to question the Death Penalty after the executions of Timothy Evans and Derek Bentley. It was abolished in 1965 63 C.I.D work developed massively and in 1987, genetic/DNA evidence was used for the first time in a case. 61 In the 196os, laws were passed to outlaw Racial Discrimination