Intro to B & W Photography, silver based for non Photo Majors

1. Intro to B & W Photography,silver basedfor non Photo Majors

2. PHOTOGRAPHY:Invented early 19th century (1839)- is the process of recording pictures by means of capturing light on light-sensitive material; light sensitive material such as film or an electronic sensor (digitally)- film based photography: light reflected or emitted from objects would expose film or paper made up of sensitive silver halide (a compound) -the word “photography” comes from the French photographie based on the Greek word PHOS for “light” and GRAPHIS for “graphe or paintbrush” together meaning ‘drawing with light.’

3. PHOTOGRAPHY:Multi-functional:creative/pictorial/artisticadvertising (sell products)record events (war, health, cultures, politics)Pre-photoshop - a photo was considered to be reality/truth; we no longer accept a photograph as reality

4. A PHOTO is a representation, it tells us:-about the photographer and his/her perception about the subject photographed-about the technology used to create the image-our, the “viewer’s” perception of the subject depicted

5. Film Sensitivity • Is defined using the photographic term “ISO” • ISO “International Standards Organization” that sets film sensitive to light. • ISO is the film’s sensitivity to light. • We will study the reason for using different ISO’s and their characteristics later in the semester but for now let’s focus on it’s importance in image exposure.

6. Exposure • Exposure = Intensity of Light (X) Time • Intensity of Light is controlled by the aperture in the camera’s lens, which is referred to as an “f/stop”. • Time is controlled by the shutter in the camera’s body, which is referred to as “shutter speeds”. • The camera’s ISO (sensitivity to light) will determine how much Intensity of Light (X) Time will be needed to make a correct Exposure

7. Image Exposure

8. Unit Of Measurement • The unit of measurement used to measure light is called a “Stop”. ·The term stop is confusing due to having multiple meanings. • ISO also uses the measurement of a “Stop” • Lens’ f/stop uses the measurement of a “Stop” • Shutter Speeds use the measurement of a “Stop”

9. Full - f/stops

10. F-stops either double or half as you move from one to the other2X (double) 1/2X (half)

11. Full Shutter Speeds

12. Full shutter speeds either double or half as you move from one to the other2X - 1/2X

13. Full ISO’s ISO ISO ISO ISO 100 200 400 800

14. Full ISO’s either double or half as you move from one to the other1/2X - 2X ISO ISO ISO ISO 100 200 400 800

15. Review

16. Range of f/stops • The lowest f/stop is determined by the “speed of the lens” and will be different from camera to camera or lens to lens. Zoom lenses have variable Fstops and change as you adjust the focal length (or zoom in and out.) • f/1, f/1.2, f/1.4, f/1.8, f/2, f/2.8 (full stops) • f/3.2, f/3.5, f/4, f/4.5, f/5.0, f5.6, f/6.3, f/7.1, f/8, f/9, f/10, f/11, f/13, f/14, f/16, f/18, f/20, f/22, f/25, f/29, f/32,………f/256 (1/3 stops) • We will refer to Fstops in full stops, but most cameras have 1/3 stops

17. Range of Shutter Speeds • The slowest shutter speed on any type of camera is “B” = bulb or “T”= time. Both allow you to hold open the shutter for an unlimited amount of time. • (Slowest) 1”, 0”8, 0”6, 0”5, 0”4, 0”3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100, 125, 160, 200, 250, 320, 400, 500, 640, 800, 1000, 1250, 1600, 2000, 2500, 3200, 4000-(Fastest) Note: Shutter Speeds are written: 1, 1/2…..1/60……1/250

18. Range of ISO’s • ISO 50, ISO 100, ISO 200, ISO 400, ISO 800, ISO 1600, ISO 3200 • “Grain” occurs when the bits of silver form and clump together.

19. Film Grain and ISO ISO3200 - more sensitive (faster) Used for shooting in dim light Disadvantage: Increased grain Decreased contrast Loss of sharpness

20. Intro to the darkroom

21. Bring to class next week:-camera and manual-readings (see outline)