بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم ﴿و ما أوتيتم من العلم إلا قليلا﴾ صدق الله العظيم الاسراء اية 58

2. Kidney By Dr. Abdel Aziz M. Hussein Lecturer of Medical Physiology

7. Urinary System • Urinary system consists of • 2 Kidneys • 2 Ureters • Urinary bladder • Urethra • The kidneys are the major excretory organs of the body. • The skin, liver, lungs, and intestines eliminate some waste products

8. Kidneys Ureters Urinary Bladder Urethra

9. Overall Functions of Kidneys

10. Overall Functions of Kidneys

11. 1. Homeostatic Function • Kidneys keep the constancy of the internal environment (ECF) regarding; • Total body water • Tissue fluid osmolarity • Electrolytes Na, K, Ca etc……. • pH

12. 2. Excretory Function • Kidneys get rid of • Metabolic waste products e.g. urea, uric acid & creatinine. • Many drugs and toxins Chronic renal failure→ accumulation of these metabolites (uremia)

13. 3. Regulation of ABP Through; a) Renin - angiotensin system ↑ ABP V.C. Aldosterone Angiotensin II ACE Angiotensin I Renin Drop of ABP Angiotensinogen

14. 3. Regulation of ABP b) Production of vasoactive substances e.g. PGs and kinins. c) Control of Na and Water excretion Vasoactive substances e.g. kinins and PGs Controlling of Na and Water excretion

15. 4. Endocrinal Function • Kidneys secrete; Erythropoietin from interstitial cells around PTC kinins and PGs Renin Activation of Vit D 1,25 DOCC

16. 5. Metabolic Functions Breakdown of insulin and glucagon Gluconeogenesis in fasting and starvation Do not Forget (RHEEM)

17. Functional Anatomy of Kidney

18. Functional Anatomy of Kidney Weight : 150 gm Capsule: tough and fibrous (limit its distension) Cross section: Capsule inner Medulla Outer Cortex

19. Functional Anatomy of Kidney Cortex Medulla • Inner part of kidney • Lie next to capsule • Pale and striated • Red and granular

20. Functional Anatomy of Kidney • Glomeruli • PCT • DCT Cortex Outer Medulla • LH • CDs • Vasa recta Inner Medulla

21. Functional Anatomy of Kidney Renal papilla Cortical tissue Columns of Bertini Renal pyramid Renal Lobe

22. Nephron

23. Nephron Def., • It is the structural and functional unit of the kidney Number: • one million nephrons in each kidney Components :

24. Nephron Components Renal Corpuscle Renal Tubule

25. Renal Corpuscle Blind end of renal tubule Tuft of capillaries 20- 40 loops

26. Renal Tubule S1 DCT CT S2 S3 Thick ALH DLH CD Thin ALH

29. Types of Nephrons

30. Types of Nephrons

31. Juxta-medullary Nephron Superficial Cortical Nephron

33. Superficial cortical Nephron Juxta-medullary Nephron

34. Renal Blood Supply

35. Short • Wide • Direct branch of aorta

38. Blood Supply N.B. • Diameter of efferent arteriole is smaller than afferent arteriole → favour high hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillary → favour high filtration of plasma through glomerular capillaries

39. Nerve Supply • The kidney is supplied mainly by sympathetic fibers; 1-Renal blood vessels: VC via alpha 1 adrenergic receptors 2-Renal tubules : increase Na reabsorption 3- Juxtaglomerular apparatus cells: release of renin via Beta 1 adrenergic receptors

40. يقول الاستاذ الجليل عباس محمود العقاد : يــــاشــبـــــــــــــاب مــصـــــــــر تــــــــــزودوا لغد وبعد غد بزاد أنــتـــــــــم حـــمــــــــــــــاة عـــــريـنـهـــــــــــا ولكم معاقلها تشاد

41. قال ابو الطيب المتنبى : أغاية الدين أن تحفوا شواربكم يا امة ضحكت من جهلها الامم

42. THANKS