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UNIT-XI INFECTION CONTROL IN CLINICAL SETTING

UNIT-XI INFECTION CONTROL IN CLINICAL SETTING. PRESENTED BY: Mrs. JYOTHI RAO Lecturer MSN Department. LEARNING OBJECTIVES. At the end of the class students will be able to Define Biomedical waste

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UNIT-XI INFECTION CONTROL IN CLINICAL SETTING

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  1. UNIT-XIINFECTION CONTROL IN CLINICAL SETTING PRESENTED BY: Mrs. JYOTHI RAO Lecturer MSN Department

  2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of the class students will be able to Define Biomedical waste Explain the importance of Biomedical waste management List down the types of hospital waste Enlist the sources of hospital waste Discuss the steps of Biomedical waste management

  3. INTRODUCTION • Hospital waste management means “the management of waste produced by hospitals using techniques that will check the spread of diseases through hospital waste”.

  4. BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

  5. EMBLEM

  6. DEFINITION Bio hazardous waste is that waste that is capable of producing an infectious disease in humans which includes blood , body fluids, discarded sharps , tissues and slides.

  7. WHOestimates • 85%ofhospitalwasteisnon-hazardous • 10%isinfectious • 5% isnon-infectious.

  8. BIOMEDICAL WASTE “Biomedical waste means any waste which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment of human beings or animals or in research activities.”

  9. Importance • Reduce the chances of hospital acquired infection • Reduces accidental injury to the workers • Avoid bad smell • Prevent from infectious diseases like HIV, hepatitis B. • Reduces environmental pollution, non communicable diseases & communicable diseases

  10. TYPES OF HOSPITAL WASTE WHO classification • Infectious -: Material containing pathogens , if exposed, can cause diseases. Eg waste from surgery and autopsies on patient with infectious diseases • Sharps -: Needles, blades ,broken glasses, nails or any other items that could cause a cut

  11. Pathological-:Tissues, organs, body parts, human flesh, fetus, blood & body fluids. • Pharmaceutical-:Drugs & chemicals that are returned from wards, spilled, outdated, contaminated ,or are no longer required. • Radioactive-:Solid, liquid & gaseous wastes contaminated with radioactive substances. • Others-: Waste from offices, kitchen ,papers etc

  12. SOURCESOFBIO-MEDICALWASTE • Major Sources • Hospitals • Labs • Researchcenters • Animalresearch • Bloodbanks • Nursinghomes • Mortuaries • Autopsycenters • Minorsources • Clinics • Dentalclinics • Homecare • Cosmeticclinics • Paramedics • Funeralservices • Institutions

  13. Hazards associated with hospital waste 1.Health hazards * Injuries from sharps to all categories of hospital personnel & waste handlers * Nasocomial infections due to poor infection control & poor waste management. * Risks associated with hazardous chemicals, drugs being handled by persons handling waste at all levels

  14. * Risks of infections outside hospitals for waste handlers, &eventually the general public *Disposable being repacked & sold without being even washed 2.Environmental hazards *Toxic emission like dioxin, furan gases &carbon, sulphur particles from defective incineration

  15. MEASURES TO MINIMIZE HEALTH RISK • Use appropriate protective clothing • Popularize use of color & emblem code on container bags • Constitute a Hospital Acquired Infection Control Committee • Introduce monitoring & surveillance for problem areas or high risk areas • Proper segregation,collection,storage ,transportation, treatment & disposal of waste

  16. BIOMEDICAL WASTES CATEGORIES AND THEIR SEGREGATION, COLLECTION, TREATMENT, PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL OPTIONS

  17. STEPS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT Step 1 -: Segregation Step 2 -: Collection & storage Step 3 –: Transportation Step 4 -:Treatment & disposal

  18. Inacolorcodedleak-proofcontainer • Containershouldbear'Biohazard'symbolandappropriatewording • Containershouldneverbecompletelyfilled

  19. SEGREGATIONOFWASTESHOULDBEOBSERVEDSTRICTLY • Toavoidmixingofgeneral(non-infectious)wasteintoinfectiouswaste. • To reduceinfectiouswaste • Todecreaseexpenditureondisposalofinfectiouswaste

  20. COLLECTION AND STORAGE • Waste collected and stored in thick non-corrosive disposable • Plastic bags or containers of specific color code. • The waste in bags or containers should be stored in a separate area, room.

  21. COLLECTION & STORAGE DO’s • Always collect the waste in covered bins. • Fill the bins up to 3/4th level. • Clean regularly with soap & water. DON’TS • Never overfill the bins. • Never mix infectious & non infectious waste in the same bin • Never store waste beyond 48 hours.

  22. TRANSPORTATION • TransportationofBMWcanbedividedinto • internalandexternaltransportation. • INTERNAL:itisforyellow,red,blueandwhitebags. • EXTERNAL:itisforthegeneralwastecollectedin • theblackcoloredplasticbags.

  23. SAFETRANSPORTATION REGISTERED,AUTHORIZED,BMWTRANSPORTERS

  24. TRANSPORTATION Do’s • Always carry the wate in closed containers from source of generation to final disposal. • Use dedicated waste collection bins for transporting waste . Don’ts • Never transport the waste in open containers or bags, it may spill & cause spread of infection. • Never trnsport with sterile equipment

  25. TREATMENT & DISPOSAL Do’s 1. Always remember to disinfect & mutilate the waste before its final disposal. 2. Remember the following while treating the waste streams. *Anatomical waste to be deep buried. *syringes to be cut &chemically disinfected at source of generation , then dispose in sharps pit. *Infected plastic to be chemically disinfected or autoclaved, & sent for disposal into municipal dumps

  26. * General waste to be sent to municipal dumps for final disposal Don’ts * never throw infectious waste into general waste without any pre-treatment

  27. BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT RULES-2016 YELLOW BAG • Human tissues, organs, body part etc • Items contaminated with blood, body fluids like dressing, plaster casts, cotton swabs . • Pharmaceutical waste like antibiotics, cytotoxic drugs including all items contaminated with glass or plastic ampoules, vials. • Microbiology, Biotechnology and other clinical laboratory waste • Treatment:Incineration

  28. BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT RULES-2016 RED BAG • Disposable intravenous tubes and sets, catheter, urine bags, syringes (without needles) and vaccutainers and gloves • Treatment: Autoclave

  29. BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT RULES-2016 BLUE BAG • Glassware(Broken or discarded and contaminated glass including medicine vials and ampoules except those contaminated with cytotoxic wastes • Metallic body implants • Treatment: Chemical disinfection and autoclave

  30. BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT RULES-2016 BLACK BAG • Stationary and food waste • Treatment: • Handed over to the corporation

  31. BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT RULES-2016 WHITE BAG • Needles, syringes with fixed needles, scalpels, blades or any other sharp objects that may cause puncture and cuts • This includes both used discarded and contaminated metal sharps • Treatment: : Chemical disinfection and autoclave

  32. ROLE OF NURSE IN BIOMEDICALWASTE MANAGEMENT • Regular visit to all wards and high risk units. • Ensuring that samples (blood, stool, urine etc) are collected and dispose safely. • Monitoring and supervising the staff • Whether they are doing safe disposal of waste as color coded. • Prevention of hospital acquired infections by following universal precautions.

  33. CONTI …. • Use personal protective equipment while handling waste.

  34. Avoid using common lift to move waste . Avoid spillage Clean spills with disinfectants . Avoid needle stick injuries. Collect waste when the bin is3/4th full

  35. PRECUTIONS TAKEN DURING BIO MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT overload 1)Never bins storing used for Bio Medical Waste 2)General waste to be put in black container.

  36. 3)Display the Bio-Hazardous Symbol and the types of waste to be put in each container as per Schedule

  37. 4)Never transfer directly 5)Do not inhale chemicals sharps from directly. Use person to person always mask

  38. TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES: 1. INCINERATION High temperature and dry oxidation process that reduces inorganic organic and combustible waste to and incombustible matter and results in significant reduction in waste volume and weights

  39. 2. DISINFECTION Chemical disinfection: used for treating liquid waste by adding chemicals. Thermal disinfection: generally used for treating solid waste

  40. 3. STERILIZATION Steam sterilization: autoclave used to disinfect waste. :

  41. 4. LANDFILL OR LAND DISPOSAL Open dumps: not recommended. Sanitary landfills: Disposing of certain types of health-care waste (infectious and small waste waste) quantities of pharmaceutical in sanitary landfills is acceptable.

  42. CONCLUSION Hospital waste consists of both risk waste and non risk waste. A properly trained team is responsible for handling various operational procedures related to waste disposal like segregation, internal transportation, and final disposal.

  43. EVALUATION SHORT ESSAY • Nurses role in biomedical waste management • Importance of biomedical waste management • Waste disposal • Types of hospital wastes and its hazards • Types and disposal of hospital waste

  44. MCQ’S 1.Infected waste materials are collected in A. Black bag B. Blue bag C. Red bag D. Yellow bag

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