AGENDA Thurs 11/3 & Fri 11/4

1. AGENDA Thurs 11/3 & Fri 11/4 RAP #21: Blue v. Red • History of Political Parties • Midterm Essay • Midterm Exam Review Sheet • HW: Political Ideologies: Part 2 • Pg 118 #1-6, pg 124 #1-5, pg 135 #1-4 • Midterm Exam Mon 11/7& Tues 11/8

2. RAP #21: Blue v. Red Increase Strong Federal Government Decrease Decrease Increase States Rights Increase Lower Taxes Raise Lower Government Regulation of Business No Prayer in School Yes Pro-choice Abortion Rights Pro-Life Yes No Gun Control Increase Minimum Wage Laws Same/Decrease

3. Political Party Match:What are you?

4. Party membership patterns 2/3 of Americans vote like their parents. In recent decades Jews, African Americans, Union members, and Catholics have more often voted Democrat. White males, the business community, and Protestants have more often voted Republican.

5. History of Politics Democrats’ and Republicans’ main goal is to gain power by winning elections.

6. Parties • Political parties are organizations seeking to achieve power by electing its members to public office. • Our main parties are Republicans and Democrats • Parties have many roles

7. Roles of Parties • Recruit candidates and support campaigns • Parties want to control government by getting their candidates into office, they pick who they think will be the best person/most likely to be elected • Parties often also provide funding for campaigns • Organize elections and inform voters • Promote voter interest and participation • Organize government • Congress and most state legislatures party aligned • more members in government, more powerful party

8. Roles of Parties (cont.) • Unite diverse interests • Build coalitions based on shared beliefs and common goals • Create platforms = position on important issues • Loyal opposition to party in power • Critics of majority party’s proposals • Watchdogs for corruption and/or abuses of power

9. Two Party System • In America we have a 2 party system • That does not mean that only 2 parties exist but that only 2 parties dominate politics in America • No legal (constitutional) reason for our 2 party system • traditional, money, and the current state of the electoral system lock it into place

10. Alternatives to a 2 party system • Multiparty system- would function largely like ours but “third parties” would have a better chance of holding office • Usually smaller parties band together in a coalition to compete with larger parties or to run the government together • Can be a more effective representation of the people but it can also lead to instability and deadlocks

11. Alternatives cont. • One Party system • Basically a dictatorship • One party = No party

12. America’s 2-party system is born • History • Started with Alexander Hamilton • Federalists • Favored strong national government • Northern commercial and industrial interests • Adams loses to Jefferson…party disappears • Thomas Jefferson • Democrat-Republicans (Anti-federalists) • Favored strong state governments • Southern farmers & rural interests

13. Twisted Timeline • Pre-Constitution • Federalists (Hamilton) & Anti-Federalists (Jefferson) • Constitution Ratified • Washington = President appoints both to cabinet to reduce rivalries (to no avail) • Federalists: strong central govt & liberal (broad) interpretation • Jefferson resigns to form Jeffersonian Republicans, aka Democrat-Republicans, aka Anti-Federalists: state rights, strict interpretation

14. Twisted Timeline • 1800: A shift in perspectives • Jefferson’s Republicans want stronger govt to keep their policies • Federalists move to more state rights • LA purchase: implied power to make treaties • Loose interpretation for Republicans • Federalists wanted strict interpretation

15. Twisted Timeline • 1812 • Democrat-Republicans become nationalists • Federalists call for Northeastern states to secede • Not a popular position and lose favor • Era of Good Feelings • 1824 • Corrupt bargain w/ Adams, Clay against Jackson

16. Twisted Timeline • 1828 • Jackson’s revenge = Democrat party • Whig party = Jackson’s enemies

17. Twisted Timeline • 1850s Splitting Hairs (Whig) • Slavery divides Whigs and falls apart • Antislavery activists (abolitionists) and formerly-known-as-Whigs form Republican party in 1854 • Abraham Lincoln and Republicans established as 2nd major party

18. The Democratic Donkey The now-famous Democratic donkey was first associated with Democrat Andrew Jackson's 1828 presidential campaign. (P.126) His opponents called him a jackass (a donkey), and Jackson decided to use the image of the strong-willed animal on his campaign posters. Later, cartoonist Thomas Nast used the Democratic donkey in newspaper cartoons and made the symbol famous.

20. The Republican Elephant • Nast invented another famous symbol—the Republican elephant. In a cartoon that appeared in Harper's Weekly in 1874, Nast drew a donkey clothed in lion's skin, scaring away all the animals at the zoo. One of those animals, the elephant, was labeled “The Republican Vote.” That's all it took for the elephant to become associated with the Republican Party. • Democrats today say the donkey is smart and brave, while Republicans say the elephant is strong and dignified.

22. Party Eras • Since 1800, one or the other major parties dominated • President & usually both houses of Congress (pg. 754) • 1st Era: Democrats [Dem, Dem-Reps] (1800-1860) • 13 of 15 Presidential elections (1st 3 elections=No party/Federalist) • 2nd Era: Republicans (1861-1932) • 13 of 18 Presidential Elections • 3rd Era: Democrats (1933-1968) • 7 of 9 Presidential Elections • 4th Era: Modern (1969-Present) • Republicans = 7 of 11 elections, yet Dems rule Congress

23. The Era of Democrats1800-1854 • Jackson’s party: coalition of farmers, pioneers, slave holders • South and West • Three fundamental changes to politics • Voting for all white males • Increases in elected offices • Spoils system (vote for us, we’ll award you) • Public office, contracts, other govt favor • Jackson’s opponents: Whigs (led by Clay) • Slavery splits parties (Whig leaders dead)

24. The Era of Republicans 1854-1932 The election of Abraham Lincoln AND the Civil War marked the beginning of the reign of the Republican party. Business people, farmers, newly freed African Americans backed the party.

25. The Return of the Democrats 1932-1968 The Great Depression changed the way people thought about the government. Democrats built a strong new base of southerners, small farmers, labor union members, and city people. The only Republican elected during this time was war hero Dwight D. Eisenhower.

26. The Start of a New Era 1968-2010 During much of this era we have had a divided government – Especially when no party controls both legislative and executive branches. Divided government can cause gridlock.

27. 4 Types of Minor Parties Ideological parties -based on certain social, economic, or political ideas. They tend to stay around for a long time. Socialist Party (1890-1973) Communist Party (1919-1980s) Libertarian Party (1971-present) Single-issue parties -tend to fade away Know Nothing Party (1850s) Prohibition Party (1869–present) National Women’s Party(1913-1920) Right to Life Party (1970-present),

28. 4 Types of Minor Parties Economic protest parties - appear during tough financial times. Greenback party (1874-1884) Populist Party (1892-1908) Reform party (1995-present) Splinter parties - parties that have broken away from one of the major parties. Usually has a strong leader who did not get a major party’s nomination. Progressive “Bull Moose” party (1912-1952) split votes in 1912—T. Roosevelt/Taft States’ Rights “Dixiecrat” Party (1948) American Independent - segregationist Governor George Wallace (1967- present) (**In CA = Constitution Party) Green Party (1996-present)

29. Minor Parties What does it mean to call a minor party a spoiler? A spoiler takes votes away from a major candidate, possibly causing the candidates defeat. Examples?

30. Future of the Major Parties More voters have strong ties to single-issues. They are for or against that candidate based on his/her stand on that particular issue. (i.e. Iraq, health care, abortion, etc.) More independents More split-ticket voting Candidates rely more on technology- TV, internet

31. HW: Party Platform: Part 1Due: Thurs 11/3 & Fri 11/4 • Write an overview of the specific political party from your “Political Party Matchmaker” (8-10 sentences) • Write a response to your placement on the “Political Issues Survey” and the match the “Political Party Matchmaker” made for you (4-6 sentences) • Research parties/ideologies of two other political parties (one that is VERY different and another that is SIMILAR to your match/placement on the spectrum) • Write an overview of the parties, specifically focusing on 2 areas of most interest to you (8-10 sentences for each party)

32. HW: Party Platform: Part 2DUE: Mon 11/7 & Tues 11/8 • Create your own political platform • Must have minimum of 5 issues from the following list: • Abortion, Capital Punishment, Economy, Energy, Environment, Foreign Policy, Gun Control, Health Care, Iraq, Marriage Laws, Minimum Wage, Taxes • Clearly explain your perspective and plan for how you would want your party to deal w/ each issue (2-3 sentences per issue)

33. MidtermReflection EssayIn Class: Thurs 11/3 & Fri 11/4 “Based on your viewing of “The Candidate” and excerpts from “Bobby,” along with your own understanding of the role of political parties, write an essay which addresses one component from each of the following options: Option A Compare and contrast the role of political parties in promoting candidates for the presidency from the late 1960s to today. Compare and contrast the campaign issues, party platforms, and personal character of each candidate from “The Candidate” and “Bobby”. AND Option B At the end of “The Candidate” the question is posed, “What do we do now?” Predict the influence on government McKay will have after he won the Senate race. Predict the impact on our country had Bobby Kennedy not been shot and won the Presidency.

34. References • McClenaghan, W. (2006). Magruder’sAmerican Government. Boston, MA: Prentice Hall. • Hart, Diane. (2009). Government Alive! Power, Politics and You. Palo Alto, CA: Teachers’ Curriculum Institute. • http://www.balancedpolitics.org/ideology.htm • http://www.edgate.com/elections/inactive/the_parties/ • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_States#Current_major_parties • http://www.3pc.net/ • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_parties_in_the_United_States