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The Hellenistic World

The Hellenistic World. 1. Macedonia. Philip II Reorganized Macedonian army Adopted the Phalanx system but modified it by using longer spears Also had larger bodies of archers and cavalry Conquered every major city-state in Greece except Sparta

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The Hellenistic World

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  1. The Hellenistic World

  2. 1. Macedonia • Philip II • Reorganized Macedonian army • Adopted the Phalanx system but modified it by using longer spears • Also had larger bodies of archers and cavalry • Conquered every major city-state in Greece except Sparta • Assassinated in 336 B.C.; Son Alexander became king

  3. b. Alexander the Great • 20 years old when he became king • Student of Aristotle • Re-established control over Greece

  4. iv. Attacked Persia in 334 B.C. • Alexander’s army was smaller but was loyal to him and was well • Defeats Persian army v. Attacked Egypt • Welcomed as a liberator • Named the new pharaoh

  5. vi. Will try to take India but army refused to go on vii. 323 B.C. Alexander dies in Babylon; he was 33 years old viii. Had no heir

  6. ix. Empire divided between his top 3 generals • Antigonus- King of Macedonia and Greece • Seleucus- Persian Empire • Ptolemy- Egypt

  7. 2. Hellenistic World • Blending Cultures • Alexander helped create a new type of culture called Hellenistic or “Greek-like”

  8. b. Alexandria • Built by Alexander, in Egypt • Location of the Nile River was ideal for trade • Built great palaces and grand monuments • The Museum • Held many works of art • The Library of Alexandria • Contained many works on philosophy, literature, history and the sciences

  9. c. Life in the Hellenistic World • Government • City-states were replaced with kingdoms • Democracies became monarchies • Women • Gained the rights to receive an education and to own property • Legally they were not equal to men though

  10. 3. Hellenistic Achievements • Philosophy • Cynicism • Called cynics • Rejected pleasure, wealth and social responsibility • Believed man should live according to nature

  11. ii. Epicureans • Believed people should seek out pleasure • Pleasure is viewed as good • Pain was viewed as evil • Believed one should develop close friendships with people who shared similar ideas

  12. iii. Stoicism • Called Stoics • Placed emphasis on reason, self-discipline, emotional control and personal morality • Believed people should find their role in society and strive to fulfill it

  13. b. Science and Technology • Euclid • Formulated many of the ideas of geometry that we still use today • Eratosthenes • Calculated the size of the globe

  14. iii. Archimedes • Developed the compound pulley • Invented the mechanical screw

  15. Mechanical Screw Compound Pulley

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