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c o l o g y basics

E. The Marine Research Facility Malibu High School. P r e s e n t s. c o l o g y basics. 5. THE 10% RULE and ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS. The Laws of Thermodynamics and FOOD CHAINS !. The 10 % RULE !. The maximum amount of ENERGY that passes from one trophic level to the next is 10%.

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c o l o g y basics

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  1. E The Marine Research Facility Malibu High School P r e s e n t s c o l o g y basics 5.

  2. THE 10% RULE and ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS

  3. The Laws of Thermodynamics and FOOD CHAINS !

  4. The 10 % RULE !

  5. The maximum amount of ENERGY that passes from one trophic level to the next is 10%. 90% of the ENERGY at each trophic level is used to keep the organisms alive and is converted to HEAT.

  6. Always start with the SUN.

  7. The 10% RULE ! PHYTOPLANKTON 90% of the ENERGY captured by PRODUCERS is used to keep themselves alive (converted to heat). HEAT Max. 10 % to HERBIVORES

  8. PRODUCERS HERBIVORES 1st Order CARNIVORES Producers are the BASE of the pyramid of biomass because their ENERGY comes direct from the SUN. 2nd Order CARNIVORES 3rd Order CARNIVORES

  9. The 10% RULE ! PHYTOPLANKTON 10% ZOOPLANKTON 90% HEAT 90% was used to keep the HERBIVORES alive. Max. 10 % to CARNIVORES

  10. PRODUCERS HERBIVORES 1st Order CARNIVORES HERBIVORES exist on only 10% of the ENERGY from PRODUCERS. 2nd Order CARNIVORES 3rd Order CARNIVORES

  11. The 10% RULE ! PHYTOPLANKTON 10% ZOOPLANKTON 10% 1st Order CARNIVORES 90% HEAT 10% Max. 10 % to 2nd O. CARNIVORES

  12. PRODUCERS HERBIVORES 1st Order CARNIVORES 2nd Order CARNIVORES 3rd Order CARNIVORES 1st O. Carnivoresare max.10% ofHERBIVORES.

  13. The 10% RULE ! PHYTOPLANKTON 10% ZOOPLANKTON 10% 1st Order CARNIVORES 10% 2nd Order CARNIVORES

  14. PRODUCERS HERBIVORES 1st Order CARNIVORES 2nd Order CARNIVORES 3rd Order CARNIVORES There isn’t much ENERGY left near the top.

  15. PRODUCERS HERBIVORES 1st Order CARNIVORES The 10% RULE . . . 2nd Order CARNIVORES ...results in this ECOLOGICAL PYRAMID 3rd Order CARNIVORES

  16. PRODUCERS - 1000 HERBIVORES - 100 1st Order CARNIVORES - 10 The 10% RULE . . . 2nd Order CARNIVORES - 1 ...is used to help predict NUMBERS. 3rd Order CARNIVORES 0.1

  17. 1000 100 10 The 10% RULE . . . 1 ...is used to help predict BIOMASS. 0.1

  18. The ecological pyramid at ZUMA. PHYTOPLANKTON 10% ZOOPLANKTON 10% 1st Order CARNIVORES 10% 2nd Order CARNIVORES

  19. Population size ratios at ZUMA. individuals 1,000 individuals 10% 100 individuals 10% 10 10% 1 individual

  20. Biomass at ZUMA. pounds 1,000 pounds 10% 100 pounds 10% 10 10% 1 pound

  21. For every 1 lb. of halibut, how many lbs. of Zalophus can be supported ? 1 lb. ?

  22. For every 1 lb. of halibut, 0.1 lbs. of Zalophus can be supported ! 1 lb. 0.1 lbs

  23. For a 30 lb. halibut, 30,000 lbs. of phytoplankton are necessary ! 30,000 lbs. PHYTOPLANKTON 3,000 lbs. ZOOPLANKTON 1st Order CARNIVORES 300 lbs. 30 lbs. 2nd Order CARNIVORES

  24. REVIEW CHECKPOINT: 1. What is the 10% rule ? 2. Where does most of the ENERGY go at each trophic level ? 3. What 2 things can the ecological pyramid help predict? 4. If there are 14,963 kg of anchovies at Zuma, tell how many kg are predicted: a. Zooplankton c. Halibut b. Phytoplankton d. Zalophus

  25. Coming soon: FOOD WEBS !

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