Designing Out Waste

1. Designing Out Waste Mark Shayler and Leigh Holloway eco3

2. Designing Out Waste • Eco-design. Why, What and How? • Focus on WEEE and RoHS • Disassembly Exercise • Support for Designing Out Waste • Peter Gafney

3. EcoDesignWhy, What and How?

4. Why the Environment?

5. Environmental Concerns • Growing Concern • Environmental damage • Stricter regulations • Customer requirements • Public perceptions • Changes in business practice • Win – win situations

6. Changes in Business Strategies Environmental Compliance Environmental Risk Assessment Sustainable Business Strategies

7. Why Products ?

8. ‘A product is a symbol of a company’s capabilities. It is a result of all the decisions made before, during and after the design phase’ Philips

9. Quality Innovative High Tech

10. Increasingly the environmental performance of products will also say something about the companies that make them

11. Why should I look at EcoDesign?

12. What is Driving this Shift? • Legislation • Waste disposal and clean-up costs • Increasing efficiency • Environmental management systems • Producer responsibility • Customer requirements • Supply chain issues

13. Legislation!

14. Legislation • Product-based • Packaging Regs. 1997 • Packaging Essential Requirements 1998 • Fridge and freezer recycling (removal of CFCs) 2002 • End-of-life Vehicles (ELV) 2000 • Waste Electrical & Electronic Equipment & RoHS Directives 2003 • Banning of certain substances to landfill • Recovery of batteries etc.

15. Packaging Regs. – Essential Requirements • Came into force 31 May 1998 • Require • Minimal packaging • Noxious & hazardous substances minimised • Packaging must be recoverable • Limits on heavy metal content • Applies to ALL companies regardless of size and turnover

16. End of Life Vehicles (ELV) • Requires the recovery and recycling of vehicles at the end of their life. • Original manufacturer is ultimately responsible • Legislation came into force in the UK 2003 • Material restrictions • 2005 – European standards for recovery and recyclability • 2007 – Take back of ALL ELVs

17. Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) & RoHS • UK legislation will be in place by late 2004 • Forces the recovery and recycling of electrical and electronic equipment • Restricts certain substances (RoHS) • Producers are to pay for collection and recovery • Directive implies the benefits of using ecodesign principles

19. EcoDesign of Energy Using Products • Similar to essential requirements in packaging • Requirement to display a logo showing conformity • Require a ‘high level’ of environmental protection • Specific design requirements such as disassembly, recyclability, energy efficiency to be used where ‘appropriate and feasible’. • Avoid ‘the undue use of devices, components materials or substances which present a threat to the environment….’.

20. Supply Chain • Large companies are taking on the idea of corporate responsibility • EMSs are being extended to cover products • (EMAS II and ISO 14040 & 14060) • Companies are auditing their suppliers for environmental compliance • Many organisations are developing their own design guidelines and material restrictions and as a supplier you will need to be able to meet these • Some customers are even offering price incentives for ‘eco-friendly’ products

21. What is EcoDesign?

22. Why Focus on Products? • 93% of production materials are never used in the final product • 80% of products are discarded after a single use • 99% of materials used are discarded in the first six weeks Source: Factor 4

23. Up to 80% of a product’s financial costs are set at the design phase

24. Materials used in product manufacture all have some sort of environmental impact • Use materials with less impact • Reduce materials used • Make use of recyclate • Use renewables

25. Processing uses energy and produces waste and emissions • Use efficient processing routes • Recycle waste materials • Use low energy options • Avoid the use of hazardous materials

26. A product’s use can have very important effects on its overall environmental impact • Reduce energy consumption • Reduce resource consumption • Increase durability • Design for maintenance/upgrade • Use alternative energy sources • Reduce weight?

27. Design changes can increase the economic feasibility of recovery and recycling

28. Every product has an ‘ecological footprint’ They are just different sizes and shapes

31. Applied EcoDesign How to do it ….. successfully!

32. Varian Medical Systems • One-off £25K investment • Component costs reduced by • 14% per annum • Component count reduced by 65% • Fasteners used reduced by 29% • Assembly time reduced by 27% Resulted in a £145k net saving in the first year

33. Continental Teves UK Ltd • Leading Supplier of braking systems to UK and European automotive industry. • Brake calliper redesign: • 26% reduction in weight • 42% reduction in production time • 62% reduction in machining time and 420 tonnes of metal per year saved • Over £120k net saving per annum

35. Fulleon Ltd Savings Materials costs reduced by 11% - £27550 Labour costs reduced by 34% - £65100

36. Conclusions • A new business agenda is emerging • Much more focus on products • Focus may drive innovation • Ecodesign and innovation isn’t ‘rocket science’ EcoDesign Good Design

37. Focus on WEEE and RoHS

38. Background to the Directives • Rapid innovation and increasingly short product cycles have lead to huge volumes of relatively new products being discarded • WEEE represents a major source of organic contaminants and heavy metals which are potentially harmful to the environment • Potentially recyclable materials are being landfilled • Inefficient use of Europe’s remaining landfill capacity

39. Broad Objectives The WEEE Directive is aimed at: • reducing electrical waste, increasing recovery and recycling and minimising environmental impact • improving environmental performance of all operators involved in the life cycle of EEE

40. What is a Producer? • “producer” means any person who, irrespective of selling technique used, including by means of distance communication …… 1. Manufactures and sells his own brand 2. Resells under his own brand 3. Imports or exports

41. What items are covered by WEEE? • All equipment that is dependent on electrical currents or electromagnetic fields • although certain thresholds apply only equipment with a voltage rating not exceeding 1000V AC and 1500V DC is included

42. 10 indicative categories 1. Large household appliances 2. Small household appliances 3. IT and telecoms equipment 4. Consumer equipment 5. Lighting equipment 6. Electrical and electronic tools 7. Toys, leisure & sports 8. Medical devices * 9. Monitoring devices * 10. Auto-dispensing machines (vending machines, cash machines, ticket machines) * Exempt from RoHS requirements for now

43. Key Requirements of WEEE • Set targets for the recovery and recycling of WEEE according according to category of product • Large household and automatic dispensers (1,10): 80/75% • IT and consumer (3,4): 75/65% • Others: 70/50 • Gas discharge lamps: 80% (recycled • No target for medical equipment(8) • Targets to met by 31 December 2006

44. Targets

45. Key Requirements of WEEE • Collection facilities to be in place from 13 August 2005 • Kerbside, bring schemes, retailer take-back • Consumers to return WEEE free of charge • No absolute requirement to enforce separate segregation of WEEE • A target collection of 4kg per head of population to be achieved by 2006 • A new target will be established by 31 December 2008

46. Key Requirements of WEEE • By August 2005 producers should provide financing for the collection, treatment, recovery and environmentally sound disposal of WEEE from private household deposited at collection facilities • Products placed on the market after 2005 producers should be responsible for financing waste relating to their own products

47. Key Requirements of WEEE • WEEE put on the market before 13 August 2005 or ‘historic waste’ is to be financed proportionately by producers existing in the relevant market when the respective costs occur • For a transitional period of 8-10 years producers can show the costs incurred in the disposal of WEEE

48. Key Requirements of WEEE • From August 2005 B2B producers should finance the collection and treatment of WEEE • For historic ‘B2B’ waste the end-user may be partially or wholly responsible for the financing

49. Requirements of WEEE • Producers or third parties acting on their behalf to set up treatment facilities • Carried out by regulated operators according to standards • Treatment/removal of : • PCBs over 10cm2, LCDs over 100cm2,toner cartridges, batteries, CRTs

50. Timescales • Common Position text - Dec. 2001 • European Parliament Second Reading - April 2002 • Conciliation process - completed Oct. 2002 • Adoption of Directives - Late 2002 • Publication - 13 February 2003 • Member States Transposition by 13 August 2004 • Producer Responsibility - 13 August 2005 • Substance Ban (RoHS) - July 2006 • Meeting Recycling Targets - 31 December 2006