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THE CIVIL WAR

THE CIVIL WAR. 1861-1865. Abraham Lincoln. 16 th president; Republican from Illinois President during Civil War Wanted to preserve the Union Passed the Emancipation Proclamation Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 15, 1865. Causes. Course. Consequences. Civil War.

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THE CIVIL WAR

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  1. THE CIVIL WAR 1861-1865

  2. Abraham Lincoln • 16th president; Republican from Illinois • President during Civil War • Wanted to preserve the Union • Passed the Emancipation Proclamation • Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 15, 1865

  3. Causes Course Consequences Civil War States’ rights Nationalism Sectionalism Secession (CSA: Confederate States of America; President= Jefferson Davis) Slavery Ft. Sumter Anaconda Plan Antietam Gettysburg Vicksburg Sherman’s March to the Sea Appomattox Reunification of N. and S. Reconstruction (1865-1877) Civil War Amendments (13, 14, 15)

  4. War Begins • Election of 1860 • Secession of lower states • Confederate States of America form • Firing on Ft. Sumter • Virginia Secedes followed by ARK, NC, and TN • 11 States leave the Union

  5. Confederacy (South) • War Aims • Fought to win independence • Right to govern themselves • Preserve their way of life • War Strategies • Defensive war of attrition (force Union to spend its resources) • Keep Union off their land • Capture Washington, D.C. • European Recognition

  6. Union (North) • War Aims • Preserve the Union • Eventually to end slavery • War Strategies • Anaconda Plan (Constrictor by Winfield Scott) • Blockade Southern ports • Isolate the Confederacy from trade & aid • Cut off flow of supplies • Exhaust Southern Resources • Control the Mississippi • Divide the Eastern & Western parts of the Confederacy • Capture major cities • Cut off shipping • Destroy the army

  7. Modern War • Calvary • Muzzle Rifles (cone shaped bullets) • Battlefield Formations (trenches & barricades) • Railroads • Telegraphs • Draft (Conscription) • Submarines • Armored Ships • Observation Balloons • Attrition

  8. Advantages • Union • Most of the population • Large advantages in resources • Most of the transportation and industry • Raising and Supplying Army • Confederacy • Defending their homes • Strong sectional pride • Better military tradition and leadership

  9. Government Powers • Both sides had to increase central government powers • Raise an army • Supply armies • Finance the war • Suppress any opposition

  10. Raising Armies • Volunteers at first • Drafts begin • Riots • Bounties Paid • Substitution Possible • Many volunteers

  11. Supplying Armies • Industrial Capacity • Transportation Capabilities • Financial Centers • Foraging the Land • Shortages

  12. War Politics • War to Preserve the Union • Civil Rights were restricted • Emancipation Debated • Needed a higher cause • Emancipation Proclamation Jan. 1, 1863 • Changes the purpose of the war

  13. Others in the War • African Americans • Enlist because of Emancipation Proclamation • Segregated Forces • 54th Massachusetts (1st regiment organized) • Women • Managed farms & businesses • Nursing • Elizabeth Blackwell: 1st female physician created the U.S. Sanitary Commission (medical assistance) • Clara Barton: famous nurse during the Civil War

  14. Soldier’s Lives • Disillusionment of war • Filthy conditions • Poor food • Bad medical care • Diseases (small pox & pneumonia) • Amputations b/c of gangrene • Prison Camps • Prison Exchanges (eventually stopped) • Andersonville (GA): horrible treatment of prisoners & the commander Henry Wirz was the only person executed for war crimes

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