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Cardiff University Astronomical Instrumentation Peter Ade Walter Gear Matt Griffin Philip Mauskopf Enzo Pascale Carole Tucker. Group Programme of Work. • Development of underlying technologies - TES detectors, KIDs, filters and optics
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Cardiff University Astronomical Instrumentation Peter Ade Walter Gear Matt Griffin Philip Mauskopf Enzo Pascale Carole Tucker
Group Programme of Work • • Development of underlying technologies - TES detectors, KIDs, filters and optics • • Development of new instruments and techniques (integration vs. underlying technology) • Support of instrument AIV and operations • Main instrument focus - SCUBA2, CLOVER, PLANCK-HFI, HERSCHEL-SPIRE, SPICA-SAFARI, BOLOCAM/AzTEC, BLAST-Pol • + support of observations and data analysis • I.e. science exploitation • Over 40 staff and students in the group
TES detectors • Facilities for optical characterisation of sub arrays - SAFARI (30 - 200 m) - SCUBA2 (450 - 850 m) - CLOVER (1400 - 3000 m) P. Ade, P. Mauskopf, D. Morozov SiN leg 5 m TES 110 m
Readouts and Multiplexing • • Micromachined bolometers use CMOS multiplexed readout can have 1000’s of pixels • Cryogenic TES bolometers (SCUBA2, CLOVER) use multiplexed SQUID readout can have 1000’s of pixels BUT SQUID and CMOS multiplexing is complicated • Is there a simpler way to multiplex sensitive cryogenic bolometers? RF resonator readout - lots of signals on one coaxial cable Superconductors have low loss at low (readout) frequencies and high loss (absorption/detection) at THz frequencies
KIDs • • New technology for large format arrays • Detectors and cold electronics simple to fabricate, small number of cables (up to 1000 detectors per coaxial cable) • Most difficult part the warm readout electronics (wide bandwidth) • Cardiff activities on KIDs: • LEKID design - Readout, optical coupling • KID test bed - cryo free • Starting work on readout electronics • Ongoing collaboration with Cambridge, SRON, Grenoble, Rome, Trento • P. Mauskopf, A. Porch, S. Doyle, C. Dunscombe
Photons break Cooper pairs and change kinetic inductance Produces frequency shift in LC resonator (few GHz) Multiplexable High sensitivity Easy to fabricate … R LOSS Kinetic Inductance Detectors + L L K M
Lumped element superconducting resonators Microwave model of a lumped element superconducting resonator
Filters • • Cardiff provides filters for most mm-wave astronomical instruments • e.g. SCUBA2, PLANCK-HFI, HERSCHEL-SPIRE, BOLOCAM, SPT, ACT, APEX-SZ, etc. • These include low pass filters, band defining filters and NIR/optical thermal filters for all temperature stages • The filter combinations are designed to minimise heat load on the cryogenic system, stray light on the detectors and maximise optical efficiency
Other optical components • • Cardiff can also provide antireflection coatings of warm and cold lenses and windows • Cardiff can also provide waveplate modulators and wire grid (hot pressed) polarisers for polarisation experiments • Cardiff can provide possible other attachments such as input FTS • RF modelling, e.g. for optimisation of detector coupling and optics and stray light - HFSS, ZeMAX, GRASP - designed warm coupling optics for BOLOCAM and AzTEC and cold coupling optics for BOOMERANG, BLAST and OLIMPO P. Ade, P. Hargrave, P. Mauskopf, J. Zhang
Instrument support • • Experience in instrument AIV and integration of receivers and telescopes - BOLOCAM, AzTEC, CLOVER, SCUBA2, etc. • Quick look software programming • Atmospheric removal algorithms
BOLOCAM 2 (AzTEC) • Original plan - 2 BOLOCAMs • Second camera now complete - called AzTEC • Integrated on JCMT in June, 2005; observing run November - December 2005 +? • Eventually to be integrated on 50 m LMT
BLAST • Test flight from Ft. Sumner, NM (2003) - 500 m array only • LDB flights from Kiruna (2005) and McMurdo (2006) - 250, 350 and 500 m arrays • Data analysis underway Sensitivity/resolution limited by optics in flight Lots of data on galactic and extragalactic sources • Cardiff participation in flight preparation, optics and filters and data analysis. (The instrument focal plane was built at Cardiff)