Chapter 28: Use Clauses, Phrases and Punctuation

1. Chapter 28: Use Clauses, Phrases and Punctuation Writing Conventions 10.1.1: Identify and correctly use clauses (e.g., main and subordinate), phrases (e.g., gerund, infinitive, and participial), and mechanics of punctuation (e.g., semicolons, colons, ellipses, hyphens).

2. Clause: a group of words that contain a subject and a verb. • Main or Independent Clause: expresses a complete thought; can stand by itself as a sentence or can be linked to another clause. • Example: Many people collect stamps. • Dependent or Subordinate Clause: cannot stand by itself; must be linked to an independent clause. • Example: Many people collect stamps, butfew have a collective as extensive as Sam’s. Chapter 28 Vocabulary Please take out your Reader’s/Writer’s Journal and open to a new page with the above title. You are going to take down the following notes to help you with the WRITING CONVENTIONS portion of the CaHSEE. Clauses first….

3. Phrase: a group of words that do not contain both a subject and a verb. It is usually a single part of speech. Three types are gerund, participial and infinitive. • Gerund: a verb form ending in –ingthat is used as a noun. Gerund Phrase is gerund + modifiers. • Example: Calling on others for help is no disgrace. • Participle: a verb from that is used as an adjective. Usually ends in –ing, -ed, or en. Participial Phrase is participle + modifiers. • Example: Waiting for the right moment, the batter swung and hit. • Infinitive: a verb form that can be used as a noun, an adjective or an adverb. Usually begins with the word to. Infinitive Phrase is infinitive + modifiers. • Example: To break the genetic code would be a milestone in scientific research. Chapter 28 Vocabulary WRITING CONVENTIONS continued – Phrases next….

4. Semicolon: used between independent clauses that are not connected with a conjunction such as for, and, but, or, yet or so. • Example: We wanted to work; they wanted to play. • Colon: used between independent clauses when the second clause explains the first. • Example: Hernando was on the road to stardom: he had won the contest and gained a movie contract. • Ellipses: used to show that something has been omitted. • Example: After the ceremony, the newspaper quoted track star Carrie Norris as saying, “If I had a chance to do it all over again…I would!” • Hyphen: used to connect words in a compound adjective that come before the word it modifies (Do not use if first modifier ends in –ly.) • Example: This award-winning folksinger is a world-renowned star. She is a widely respected star. Chapter 28 Vocabulary WRITING CONVENTIONS continued – Four punctuation marks will help you write long, complex sentences….

5. “Sandra Cisneros and Me” Guided Questions Read the Selection entitled “Sandra Cisneros and ME” on page 201. Answer the guided questions. Don’t forget to write your answers in complete sentences. For example: The writer improved the first three sentences by ______________________.

6. “Eldorado” Error Correction Edit the first draft of the essay (handout). Look for opportunities to combine sentences using phrases and clauses. Correct ANY and all errors.

7. Chapter 28: Use Clauses, Phrases and Punctuation Assessment Practice

8. Chapter 28: Use Clauses, Phrases and Punctuation Assessment Practice

9. Unit 5: Writing Conventions Reader's/Writer's Journal Title: Unit 5 Building Stamina Do not write on handout. Write answers in RWJ, stating WHY you picked the answer based on TEXTUAL EVIDENCE. And yes, there will be sharing!