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Childhood lead poisoning in China

QUT ， Mar. 26, 2010. Childhood lead poisoning in China. Chonghuai Yan MD PhD Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health Shanghai XinHua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine. Contents.

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Childhood lead poisoning in China

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  1. QUT，Mar. 26, 2010 Childhood lead poisoning in China Chonghuai Yan MD PhD Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health Shanghai XinHua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine

  2. Contents I. Background II.The trend of BLL in the decades III.Current status of lead poisoning New challenges IV.

  3. I. Background

  4. He-nan He-nan Shan-xi Jiang-su Gan-shu Zhe-Jiang Hu-nan Fu-jian Yun-nan Fu-jian 12 lead pollution affairs reported to Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection in 2009 12 Heavy Metal pollution events reported to Chinese MEP in 2009

  5. What is Lead poisoning of children BPb(ug/L) 500 400 400 300 250 300 200 100 100 0 1970-1975 1975-1985 1985-1991 1991-

  6. What is lead poisoning 9.The lowest BLLs were observed 1500 Death 1000 nephropathy colic 500 Anemia 400 VD-metabolism 300 Conduction Velocity 200 FEP increase 100 Blood lead levels μg/L encephalopathy Development delay IQ, attention, behavior

  7. I. Background

  8. I. Background

  9. I. Background

  10. Photo:took from Pudongto downtownk in 1993 I. Background

  11. II.The trends of BLLs in decades

  12. The amount of papers published search with “lead” and “children” in www.cnki.net The start of research on Childhood lead poisoning in 1980’s

  13. E. The longitudinal trend of changes of children’s BLL was contributed by: 2.The trend of BLL in decades • LEADED GASOLINE: was phased out, that started in 1995 • and finished in July 1st 2000 in China Mainland. • INDUSTRY: shut down and moved most polluted factories • in most cities over the whole country in the last decade. • more than 4000 Chimneys were felled. • FUEL CHANGED:using the cleaning fuel，such as natural • gas instead of coal for cooking and heating. • ATTITUDE CHANGED:Government and citizen got the idea of • relationship between environmental and Health.

  14. Shen Yang, Tie Xi District , an old heavy industrial area with 0.7 million people. 4000 chimneys have been blasted; All the thousands factories, some of them be shut down; some of them be moved to new industrial district. Tie Xi now is a residential area and garden.

  15. The Yangpu district where Xinhua Hospital located in, has 1.3 million people. Thousands of chimneys disappear in early 1990’s Shanghai smelting factory was also shut down in 2003 Shanghai Suzhou River was dark and with stench. It is getting clean with fish now.

  16. A. The BLL of children in Beijing 2.The trend of BLL in decades

  17. A. The BLL of children in Beijing 2.The trend of BLL in decades Beijing phase out leaded gas on May 1st, 1997

  18. A. The BLL of children in Beijing 2.The trend of BLL in decades Beijing phase out leaded gas on May 1st, 1997

  19. B. The BLL of children in Shanghai 2.The trend of BLL in decades

  20. B. The BLL of children in Shanghai 2.The trend of BLL in decades It was a kindergarten in a Smelting Shanghai decreased leaded in gas since 1995 and stop on Oct 1st 1997

  21. B. The BLL of children in Shanghai 2.The trend of BLL in decades It was a kindergarten in a Smelting Shanghai decreased leaded in gas since 1995 and stop on Oct 1st 1997

  22. C. The BLL of children in Hangzhou 2.The trend of BLL in decades Hangzhou city, the prevalence rate of BLL equal or higher than 100 g/L of children aged 0~6 years is coming down from 39% to 7.7% in the last 6 years. The BLL of children in the rural county near by Hangzhou is all coming down, except Changshan county with lots industries.

  23. Children’s BLLs in 14 Cities of China in 2004-2006

  24. Children’s BLLs in 14 Cities of China in 2004-2006

  25. D. summary 2.The trend of BLL in decades Over the whole country, children’s BLL have had a significant decrease during the last 10~15ys, especially in cities. The average BLL of children is from 90 g/L down to 50g/L; and the prevalence rate of kids with BLL 100g/L is from 40% down to 5~10%.

  26. III.Current status of lead poisoning

  27. 3.Current status of lead poisoning Patients come from the provinces in China

  28. Batteay recycle Battery maker Smelting Jiang Su pizhou Tinfoil make Diaper powder Mining Chemical intustry Electronic trash He Bei Cheng De He Bei Shijia zhuang Jiangsu Taixing He Nan Xiu Wu Jiang Su Zhangjia Gang Gan Su Hui xian Zhe Jiang Chang Xing e AN Hui Fu Yang Zhe Jiang , Wen Zhou AN Hui Jies hou Fu Jian , Jian Yang Many patients come from the same place that We have treated or as supervisor to diagnosis and treat. AN Hui Tong Lu Fu Jian San ming Zhe Jiang Shao Xing Guang Dong Shan Tou

  29. Childhood Lead poisoning in past few years 3.We still have some problems

  30. 3.What are the Sources of Lead? • Leaded gasoline • Mining of lead and other heavy metal • Smelting factory • Lead Industry- Chemical, Cable, Battery factory • Battery recycle in small size without protection • Traditional medicine for Dermatitis and Epilepsy, sometimes also diarrhea • Ceramic glaze • Pidan-lead preserved egg, traditional popcorn • Electronic trash and equipments recycling at home • Diaper Powder with lead • Others

  31. What happens with lead industry? • Lead production is 8 m tons in the world in 2007, half made by Asia. 71% used in battery industry. • More than 1/3 battery production made by China. And with 20% increase rate yearly in China.

  32. Photos from Prof. Yiqun Wu

  33. Photos from Drs. Lin Peng and Xia Huo

  34. Photos from Drs. Lin Peng and Xia Huo

  35. Traditional Popcorn oven

  36. Preserved egg with lead 300 millions smokers in China Poor quality dishers Tinpot for food or beverage

  37. IV.New challenges

  38. IV.The new problems we are facing • Summers＇ Memo pollution moving from developed country to developing country and from city to rural and countryside • Economicdevelopment & environmental protection • Multiple-exposure

  39. Lead just a small point，many chemicals • Mercury，Manganese，Arsenic, Cadmium……………………. • Pesticides……………….. • POPs……………………… • Plasticizer ………………. • Residues of antibiotic in food ………………. • Residues of clenbuterol …………………… • Indoor air pollution –TVOC+Benzene+formaldehyde …………. • PFOA • PAH • CO,SO2,Nox……………………………………………………………

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