Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Safety Plans A re there any links?

1. Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Safety Plans Are there any links? Dr Rainer E. Enderlein Regional expert, UNECE, Geneva

2. Acknowledgment The following presentation uses pictures and graphs kindly prepared by my colleagues from DHI/Denmark and WHO/EURO; graphs from the WHO publication on water safety plans and a lecture from New Zealand, downloaded from the Internet

3. IWRM is a process, … … which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and related resources … in order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner … without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems (GWP, 2004)

4. Implementing an IWRM process is a question of getting three pillars right (GWP, 2004): … moving towards an enabling environment (policies, strategies and legislation for sustainable water resources management, … putting in place the institutional framework (to implement the policies, strategies and legislation), … setting up the management instruments (required by the institutions to do their job)

5. BANG! Ecosystem services examined and taken into account Good agricultural practice applied

6. Payments for ecosystem services considered BANG! Ecosystem services examined and taken into account Good agricultural practice applied

7. Reservoir releases negotiated BANG! Ecosystem services examined and taken into account Groundwater use regulated Good agricultural practice applied

8. Municipal wastewater standards enforced Water pollution control from mining and manufacturing implemented Reservoir releases negotiated BANG! Ecosystem services examined and taken into account Groundwater use regulated Good agricultural practice applied

9. Impact on the marine environment (Black Sea) considered Municipal wastewater standards enforced Water pollution control from mining and manufacturing implemented Reservoir releases negotiated BANG! Ecosystem services examined and taken into account Groundwater use regulated Good agricultural practice applied

10. Impact on the marine environment (Caspian Sea) considered Municipal wastewater standards enforced Climate change adaptation measures considered Water pollution control from mining and manufacturing implemented Reservoir releases negotiated BANG! Ecosystem services examined and taken into account Groundwater use regulated Good agricultural practice applied

11. IWRM – importance for water supply and sanitation • Water management policies, strategies and legislation also comprise water use for drinking water and discharge of waste water • Water-quality standards and pollution charges are part of the legislation • Monitoring of surface waters and groundwater as well as source water quality

12. By the time monitoring shows that drinking-water maybe / is microbiologically contaminated many people may have been infected (in some cases fatally).

13. Abstraction BANG!

14. Abstraction BANG! Sub-basin (catchment)

15. Catch- ment Chemicals Excrement

16. Accident Sabotage Illegal Connection Catch- Treat- ment ment Distribution Animals, birds Chemicals in reservoir Backflow Excrement Microbes Cross-connections

19. Two principal concepts • Product Quality Control (QC) monitors compliance with standards QC tells us that something has gone wrong after it had happened.

20. Two principal concepts • Product Quality Control (QC) monitors compliance with standards QC tells us that something has gone wrong after it had happened. • Process Quality Assurance (QA) uses risk management QA tries to stop that something is going wrong.

21. Water Safety Plans are a major Quality Assurance (QA) tool for drinking water quality management

22. Water safety plan The objectives of a water safety plan are to ensure safe drinking-water through good water supply practice to: • Prevent contamination of source waters; • Treat the water to reduce or remove contamination tothe extent necessary to meet the water quality targets; and • Prevent re-contamination during storage, distribution and handling ofdrinking-water.

23. What are the hazards ? What events could occur ? What could be their effect on public health?

24. HAZARD EVENT CONSEQUENCE Chlorinator fails People are sick E. Coli

25. For each event: • How severe would the public health consequences be? [Severity] • How likely is the event to happen ? [Frequency]

27. Decide the order of priority for managing each risk [use a benefit/cost approach] • Decide the order in which to make improvements • Develop a programme for managing the risks

28. Prepare an improvement schedule, taking into account the available resource • Define the responsibilities for implementing the plan • Specify a date for reviewing the plan

29. The WSP is one of the sets of drinking water quality management tools available to regulators and suppliers. The use of the WSP and IWRM tools should be integrated, so that they combine to function as a mutually supporting system.

30. Water supply and sanitation being improved BANG! Integrated Water Resources Management being implemented