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GEOLOGIC TIME

GEOLOGIC TIME. Earth’s History Compressed:. GEOLOGIC TIME. Question: Where did our modern ‘scientific method’ originate?. St. Thomas Aquinas (13 th century): “Faith and Reason”. GEOLOGIC TIME. I. Early Efforts of Dating the Age of the Earth. GEOLOGIC TIME.

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GEOLOGIC TIME

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  1. GEOLOGIC TIME Earth’s History Compressed:

  2. GEOLOGIC TIME Question: Where did our modern ‘scientific method’ originate?

  3. St. Thomas Aquinas (13th century): “Faith and Reason”

  4. GEOLOGIC TIME I. Early Efforts of Dating the Age of the Earth

  5. GEOLOGIC TIME I. Early Efforts of Dating the Age of the Earth A. James Ussher (mid 1600's) 4004 B.C.

  6. I. Early Efforts of Dating the Age of the Earth B. Georges Buffon (mid 1700's) C. Lord Kelvin (late 1800's) 75,000 yr 20-40 m.y.

  7. I. Early Efforts of Dating the Age of the Earth D. Charles Walcott (1893) 75 m.y.

  8. Early Efforts of Dating the Age of the Earth E. John Joly (1899) 90 m.y.

  9. Early Efforts of Dating the Age of the Earth E. Henri Becquerel (1896) ‘Discovered Radioactivity of certain elements’

  10. II. Constancy of Natural Laws

  11. II. Constancy of Natural Laws A. Catastrophism • Georges Cuvier (late 1700's)

  12. A. Catastrophism • Georges Cuvier (late 1700's) B. Uniformitarianism • James Hutton (late 1700's)

  13. III. Types of Geologic Dating • Relative Dating • Radiometric Dating

  14. III. Types of Geologic Dating A. Relative Dating 1. Law of Superposition

  15. III. Types of Geologic Dating A. Relative Dating 1. Law of Superposition 2. Law of Original Horizontality

  16. III. Types of Geologic Dating A. Relative Dating 1. Law of Superposition 2. Law of Original Horizontality 3. Law of Cross Cutting Relationships

  17. III. Types of Geologic Dating A. Relative Dating 1. Law of Superposition 2. Law of Original Horizontality 3. Law of Cross Cutting Relationships 4. Law of Faunal Succession

  18. III. Types of Geologic Dating A. Relative Dating 1. Law of Superposition 2. Law of Original Horizontality 3. Law of Cross Cutting Relationships 4. Law of Faunal Succession 5. Unconformities

  19. III. Types of Geologic Dating 5. Unconformities • Disconformity • Angular Unconformity • Non Conformity

  20. An Example……

  21. III. Types of Geologic Dating B. Radiometric Dating 1. Types of decay

  22. III. Types of Geologic Dating • alpha decay

  23. III. Types of Geologic Dating • alpha decay

  24. III. Types of Geologic Dating • beta decay

  25. III. Types of Geologic Dating • beta decay

  26. III. Types of Geologic Dating electron capture

  27. III. Types of Geologic Dating electron capture

  28. III. Types of Geologic Dating neutron capture N P

  29. III. Types of Geologic Dating B. Radiometric Dating 1. Types of decay • alpha decay • beta decay • electron capture • neutron capture

  30. An Example…. Parent U238

  31. An Example…. Parent U238 92 protons 146 neutrons

  32. An Example…. Parent U238 → 8 alpha + 6 beta = ? 92 protons 146 neutrons

  33. An Example…. Parent U238 → 8 alpha + 6 beta 92 protons8 {lose 2 protons} + 8{lose 2 neutrons}

  34. An Example…. Parent U238 → 8 alpha + 6 beta 8 {lose 2 protons} + 8 {lose 2 neutrons} - 16 protons - 16 neutrons

  35. An Example…. Parent U238 → 8 alpha + 6 beta 8 {lose 2 protons} + 8 {lose 2 neutrons} - 16 protons - 16 neutrons

  36. An Example…. Parent U238 → 8 alpha + 6 beta 8 {lose 2 protons} + 6 (add 1 proton) 8 {lose 2 neutrons} - 16 protons - 16 neutrons

  37. An Example…. Parent U238 → 8 alpha + 6 beta 8 {lose 2 protons} + 6 (add 1 proton) {lose 2 neutrons} - 16 protons + 6 protons - 16 neutrons

  38. An Example…. Parent U238 → 8 alpha + 6 beta 8 {lose 2 protons} + 6 (add 1 proton) {lose 2 neutrons} - 16 protons + 6 protons = - 10 protons - 16 neutrons - 10 atomic number

  39. An Example…. Parent U238 → 8 alpha + 6 beta 8 {lose 2 protons} + 6 (add 1 proton) {lose 2 neutrons} - 16 protons + 6 protons = - 10 protons - 16 neutrons - 32 atomic mass- 10 atomic number

  40. An Example…. Parent U238 → 8 alpha + 6 beta 8 {lose 2 protons} + 6 (add 1 proton) {lose 2 neutrons} - 16 protons + 6 protons = - 10 protons - 16 neutrons - 32 atomic mass- 10 atomic number U238 – 32 = “X” 206

  41. An Example…. Parent U238 → 8 alpha + 6 beta 8 {lose 2 protons} + 6 (add 1 proton) {lose 2 neutrons} - 16 protons + 6 protons = - 10 protons - 16 neutrons - 32 atomic mass- 10 atomic number U238 – 32 = “X” 206 92 protons – 10 protons = 82 protons

  42. An Example…. Parent U238 → 8 alpha + 6 beta 8 {lose 2 protons} + 6 (add 1 proton) {lose 2 neutrons} - 16 protons + 6 protons = - 10 protons - 16 neutrons - 32 atomic mass- 10 atomic number U238 – 32 = “X” 206 92 protons – 10 protons = 82 protons “X” 206 with 82 protons

  43. U238 – 32 = “X” 206 92 protons – 10 protons = 82 protons

  44. An Example…. Parent U238 → 8 alpha + 6 beta = ? Pb206 Atomic # = 82

  45. III. Types of Geologic Dating B. Radiometric Dating 2. Half lifes, Parents, and Daughters

  46. III. Types of Geologic Dating B. Radiometric Dating 2. Half lifes, Parents, and Daughters half life (def) n : the time required for something to fall to half its initial value (in particular, the time for half the atoms in a radioactive substance to disintegrate)

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