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ROAD TO CLIMATE FRIENDLY CHILLERS Hydrocarbons & Absorption Chillers Systems:

ROAD TO CLIMATE FRIENDLY CHILLERS Hydrocarbons & Absorption Chillers Systems: Development & Potential Dr. Alaa Olama Sept. 2010 , Cairo, Egypt. CONTENTS: 1- Hydrocarbon fired Absorption Chiller & Heat ratio 2- Difference between HR (COP) Abs. & COP V.C.

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ROAD TO CLIMATE FRIENDLY CHILLERS Hydrocarbons & Absorption Chillers Systems:

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  1. ROAD TO CLIMATE FRIENDLY CHILLERS Hydrocarbons & Absorption Chillers Systems: Development & Potential Dr. Alaa Olama Sept. 2010 , Cairo, Egypt

  2. CONTENTS: 1- Hydrocarbon fired Absorption Chiller & Heat ratio 2- Difference between HR (COP) Abs. & COP V.C. 3- How did H.R (COP) improve dramatically. 4- Conclusion

  3. 1- Hydrocarbon Fired Absorption Chiller & Heat Ratio

  4. Definition of COP (HR) of Absorption Chillers ＣＯＰ(LP)＝ （Refrigeration capacity／（Gas Low calorific value＊Gas consumption） ＣＯＰ(HP)＝ （Refrigeration capacity／（Gas High calorific value ＊Gas consumption）

  5. 2- Difference between HR (COP) Abs. & (COP) V.C.

  6. Overall efficiency of a power station: * Efficiency at Refrigeration plant boundary becomes 25 to 50 %

  7. Comparing chillers efficiencies:

  8. 3- How did H.R (COP) improve dramatically

  9. History of absorption chiller-heater 1.1 1.07 ０.７５ ０.93～0.96 1.3 ０.80 1.2 1.35 1.6以上 2005.2Kyoto Protocol History of development for Gas direct fired absorption chiller

  10. H.R (COP) Improvement

  11. 5.High performanceheat transfer tube 2.RefrigerantCooler 6.Exhaust heat-exchanger 3.Dual absorptionDual evaporation 7.Larger Heat transferarea on ABS. EVP. RFD 8-Efficiency improvedon High stage GEN. 4.Condensed refrigerantheat-exchanger Key technology to improve the efficiency RCD 1.Improved solutionheat-exchanger RED

  12. Internal piping flow of RFD （chiller）

  13. Low temp. High temp Plate heat-exchanger Key technology of improvement 1- Improvement on efficiency of solution heat-exchanger • Solution heat-exchanger Shell & Tube typeheat-exchanger ☆Advantage ・　Better heat transfer performance compared to S&T ◎More compact ・　Less solution retained

  14. CONDS. 37℃ Refrigerant 38℃ Ref. cooler 36.5℃ EVP. (9℃) ABS. 32℃ Cooling W Key technology of improvement 2- Refrigerant cooler Cooling down the refrigerant back from condenser, to reduce the load on Generator, to get better efficiency ↓ 33℃

  15. Key technology of improvement Enable to reduce circulating flow Less heating calorie at Generator,thus better efficiency 3- Dual Absorption, Dual Evaporation Cycle Upper stage：Low pressure in ABS. / EVP.Lower stage：High pressure in ABS. / EVP. ☆AdvantageBigger concentration difference of solution, by separating ABS. & EVP. to 2 stages

  16. Key technology of improvement 4- Condensed refrigerant heat-exchanger 90℃ 44℃ Condenser（38℃） Low stage GEN. Heat from Low GEN.⇒Steam from High GEN. Condensedrefrigerant 78℃ 36℃ Heat recovery on High temp. Refrigerant back from low GEN. and weak solution, to get better efficiency Condensed refrigerantheat-Exchanger High temp. H-exchanger Low temp. H-exchanger S.P. Weak solution

  17. 5- High Performance heat transfer tube Key technology of improvement

  18. 6- Exhaust heat-exchanger（Air pre-heater） Air Pre-heater 75℃ High GEN. 155℃ Key technology of improvement Exhaust The gas consumption reduced by pre-heating the air supply to the Burner. 165℃ Air supply 20℃ Natural Gas

  19. Key technology of improvement 7- Larger Heat transfer area on ABS. EVP.

  20. Key technology of improvement 8- Efficiency improved on High stage GEN.

  21. Improved solution heat-exchanger COP1.22 Exhaustheat-exchanger RED Designed based on COP1.29 machine Refrigerant cooler Reached COP1.35 with Exhaust heat-exchanger Solution flow regulation Dual ABS. / EVA. Efficiency improved High GEN. increased KA value, on CND. ABS. Improved solutionheat-exchanger Large head of chilled water （Δ8℃） Exhaustheat-exchanger Condensed ref. heat-exchanger RFD +0.05 +0.02 +0.085 +0.035 +0.015 +0.04 +0.06 +0.015 +0.02 COP1.00 COP1.29 COP1.35 Key technology of improvement Improvement of COP by each technology ＋

  22. 4- Conclusions

  23. Conclusions:- 1- When comparing The overall thermal efficiencies ,it is important to compare the efficiency of mechanical vapour compression systems (electric chillers) to the efficiencies of vapour compression systems ( absorption chillers) , starting at the boundary of supply to the power station(natural gas ) and the boundary of supply of natural gas at the absorption chillers burner, otherwise the comparison cannot be fair. 2- When this is done ,the difference in efficiencies is then quite close , taking into consideration that few power stations in Egypt have high thermal efficiencies. 3- Therefore the use of natural gas in large central air conditioning projects is economically sound since the saving in investment cost for power plant is considerable. (1)

  24. Conclusions(Cont.):- 4- Shaving electrical peak loads in summer can only be achieved by the use of natural gas fired air conditioning system. 5- legislation exists in many countries that prohibit the use of electrical energy in air conditioning over a certain refrigeration tonnages (over about 1000 TR) This is the case in Japan , South Korea & lately the United Arab Emirates. The aim of the legislation is to preserve electric power for applications where there are not other alternative sources of energy . (2)

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