Space and Perspective

1. Space and Perspective

2. Space • The visual element that refers to the area between, around, above, below and within objects. Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grand Jatte, Georges Seurat, 1884-1886

3. What is Perspective? • In drawing and painting perspective is a way of creating 3D space on a 2D support. • Ways to show perspective include: • Size variation • Foreshortening (overlapping shapes) • Varying color • Detailed vs. Non-detailed • Linear perspective

4. What Types of Perspective are Exemplified?

5. What Types of Perspective are Exemplified?

6. Linear Perspective • Lines are used to create a 3D space on a 2D support. • Linear perspective developed in Florence, Italy in the early 1400s. • Renaissance painters strived to show linear perspective in their works. Raphael Sanzio, The Betrothal of the Virgin,1504, Oil on panel

7. Horizon Line Vanishing Point (focal point) One Point Perspective Vanishing point- On a horizon line where orthogonal lines seem to disappear. It can sometimes be the focal point. Horizon Line- Usually separates the earth from the sky. It also represents the viewer’s eye level. Vertical Lines- Lines that run up and down. They are perpendicular to the horizon line. Orthogonal Lines Orthogonal Lines- Lines that run towards the vanishing point. They disappear when they touch it. Horizontal Lines Horizontal Lines- Lines that run side to side. They are parallel to horizon lines. Vertical Lines

8. Where are the Horizontal Lines? Where is the Vanishing Point? Where are the Vertical Lines? Where is the horizon line? Where are the Orthogonal Lines?

9. Below and Above the Horizon Line

10. Which Two Boxes aren’t Drawn in Perspective?

11. Examples Found in Life VANISHING POINT HORIZON LINE ORTHOGONAL LINES

12. Main peristyle garden and façade, Getty Villa, Malibu, California.

13. Your Assignment: One Point Boxes • Draw six boxes using linear perspective. • Draw two boxes above the horizon line, two boxes on the horizon line and two boxes below the horizon. • You will need: • Paper • Ruler • Pencil • Eraser • To pay attention as we complete the first box together!

14. Linear Perspective: Two Points • Like one point perspective, two point perspective is used to create a 3D atmosphere on a 2D support with lines. • The difference is that two point perspective has TWO vanishing points as opposed to one! • In two point perspective the sides of the object vanish to one of two vanishing points on the horizon. House by the Railroad by Edward Hopper, 1925

15. Horizon Line Vanishing Point (focal point) Two Point Perspective Vanishing Point (focal point) Orthogonal Lines Vertical Lines

16. Another Example!

17. Your Assignment: Two Point Boxes • Draw six boxes using linear perspective with TWO vanishing points. • Draw two boxes above the horizon line, two boxes on the horizon line and two boxes below the horizon. • You will need: • Paper • Ruler • Pencil • Eraser (maybe) • To pay attention as we complete the first box together!

18. Your Assignment: Step Three • OPTION 1 • Draw your ideal room using one point perspective. (one vanishing point) • Include all the things you would need to make that room perfect for you! • Show objects above, on top and below your horizon line.

19. Your Assignment: Step Three • OPTION TWO: • Depict a cityscape or landscape using two point perspective (two vanishing points) • Include buildings, trees, people and everything else you may encounter in the city or out in nature. Be creative! • Show objects above, on top and below your horizon line.