Session VI Buoys Day boards

1. Session VIBuoys Day boards

2. Buoys and Appendages

3. Lantern Lantern Guard Ring Radar Reflectors Tower Braces Tower Legs Battery Pockets Lifting Padeye Buoy Top Head Buoy Body Bottom Head Mooring Padeye Gussets Chafe Block Buoy Tube Counterweight Counterweight Seat

4. Sound Systems • There are three main types of wave actuated sound signals: Whistle Bell Gong

5. Whistle • Whistle is made of cast bronze and is mounted inside the cage. • As air is forced through the whistle it makes the familiar drone sound.

6. Bells • Bells used on lighted and unlighted buoys and are made of a copper-silicon alloy. • External tappers impact the fixed bell when wave motion causes the buoy to roll.

7. Gongs • Gongs are used on lighted and unlighted buoys and are made of a copper-silicon alloy. • External tappers impact the fixed gongs when then buoy rolls. • The gongs emit a different tone when struck thus distinguishing them from a bell.

8. Buoy Moorings • Buoy chain connects the buoy to the sinker. • The bridle distributes the load and minimizes the heel angle caused by the chain.

10. Watch Circle Radius • Buoys will move with the current and weather • The sinker is really in the actual position

11. Sinkers • Sinkers are used to hold buoys in position. There are two types that we use. • Concrete • Dor-mor

12. Sinkers Concrete- These are cheap, easy to make and easy to retrieve for an inspection. • When made, they must be cast in a single pour. • They range in size from 250 to 20,000 lbs. • If chain or other metal is added, they must be marked with their actual weight.

13. Sinkers DOR MOR Sinker • A cast iron, pyramid shaped sinker intended for use on discrepancy buoys in areas of mud or sandy bottoms.

14. Lighthouse • Enclosed edifice that houses protects, displays, or supports visual, audible, or radio aids to navigation. • Can be manned or unmanned. • Located in an offshore, wave swept, exposed environment. • Or as a landfall object.

15. 2 Single Pile Structure • Used in protected or semi-exposed locations

16. 1 Dolphin • Battered pile Three to seven piles driven at an angle with the bottoms spread and the tops secured with wire rope or bolts and shear connectors.

17. Dolphin • Cluster pile • Three or more piles driven vertically with their surfaces in contact with each other and wrapped tightly at various heights.

18. Platform Structure • Three or more separate piles driven vertically, connected at the top by a platform that spreads the load over all the piles. Usually is the foundation for skeleton towers.

19. Guyed Skeleton • Commonly called a “TV tower.” • Triangular in shape. • Galvanized 1 1/4” steel pipe and 3/16” guide wires. • Each section is 10 ft. in height. • Usually not built over 30 ft.

20. Free Standing Skeleton Tower • Commonly called “5 ft pipe towers”. • Constructed of galvanized metal. • Can be uniform or tapered. • Usually, not built over 100 ft. in height.

21. CHANNEL Radar Reflector • Installed when the reflectivity of the structure doesn’t meet the operational requirements. • A standard radar set should detect it at 1.5 to 2 NM when mounted 10 ft above the water. • Must be properly oriented to the channel.

22. S-Square T-Triangle J-Junction M-Mid-Channel K-Range N-No Lateral Significance Dayboards • The first letter refers to the shape or purpose of the dayboard.

23. o 5 Mounting Dayboard may be installed approximately 5 degrees from vertical.

24. o 3 0 CHANNEL Mounting • Whenever possible, dayboards shall be mounted on an angle to the channel. • The angle will vary to best suit the channel. • For a straight channel about 30 degrees. • This makes the number easier to read when abeam.

25. Reflective Material Smooth appearance Honeycomb appearance Bothmaterials may be used together on the same aid.

26. Dayboards • Additional information is shown by letters placed after a dash (-) • I - Intracoastal • SY - yellow square • TY - yellow triangle

27. Nominal Range • As a mariner approaches a dayboard from a distance it is first detected as an object apart from its surroundings. This is the detection range

28. Nominal Range • Upon coming closer to the dayboard it can be recognized as an aid to navigation. This is the recognition range

29. Nominal Range • Finally the aid can be identified when the mariner is close enough to read the numbers and letters. This is the identification range

30. 3SG and 4TR • nominal range 1NM • 4SG and 6TR • nominal range 2NM • 6SG and 8TR • nominal range 3NM Nominal Range • The nominal range rating is used to classify dayboards

31. 4’ 3’ 3’ 4’ Dayboards • There is no character for height in the designation. • All dayboards including TRs and SGs are as tall as they are wide.

32. 2W W Range dayboards • Range boards are always twice as tall as they are wide.

33. Port and Starboard Markers SG TR

34. Junction Markers JG JR

35. Mid - Channel Markers MR

36. Range Dayboards KWB KGW KWG KBW KWR KRW KBG KRB KBR KRG KGB KGR

37. No Lateral Significance markers NR NG NB

38. Information and Regulatory Markers Exclusion Area Controlled Area Danger

39. Special Purpose Dayboard NY

40. End of Session VI