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Ethics Three “random” chats

Ethics Three “random” chats. “knowing doing gap”. Categories of normative sciences. Logic — things that are true Aesthetics — things that are admirable Ethics — things that are good. Heroic figures in ethics. Aristotle — definitions Kant — criteria Perry — personal

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Ethics Three “random” chats

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  1. Ethics Three “random” chats “knowing doing gap”

  2. Categories of normative sciences • Logic — things that are true • Aesthetics — things that are admirable • Ethics — things that are good

  3. Heroic figures in ethics • Aristotle — definitions • Kant — criteria • Perry — personal • versus communitarian • Rawls — operational • Professional — liability • Habermas — dialogue • Küng — empirical • Various schemes: environmental, feminist, power, etc

  4. William Perry • Levels of intellectual sophistication • Ethical development

  5. Dualism 1-3 • 1 Assumption of dualistic structure of world taken for granted, unexamined • 2 Truth exists, but not all authorities are knowledgeable • 3 Absolute truth has not been discovered, yet

  6. Multiplicity 4-6 • 4 Knowledge is not secure but is any person’s • 5 Knowledge is always changing or subject to change

  7. Commitment to realism 6-9 • 6 Knowledge is not something that is external and definite but something that each individual constructs

  8. Initial commitment • 7 Knowledge is the world view one has constructed from learning and experience, along with the ethical implications of this view • 8 Knowledge is a creative resolution between uncertainty and the need to act • 9 Individual must break through to new perspectives and discard those no longer useful

  9. Perry summary • 9 levels • 1-3 absolute • 4-~6 relative • ~6-9 personal

  10. Professional ethics • Avoiding legal problems • Privacy, permission

  11. Purpose • Ends • Means • Rationalisable • E.g., historical, economic • Objective/subjective

  12. Ethics v meta-ethics • Environmental ethics • Sadism • Marxism (ideology & false consciousness) • Feminism • Hedonism • Virtue ethics • Utilitarianism

  13. continued… • Deontology • Consequentialism • Situation ethics • Monism v pluralism • Utilitarianism • Virtue ethics

  14. continued… • Relativism • Absolutism • Universalism • Realism • Absolutism (Perry position 1!) • Machiavelli • Private • Public

  15. HCI stances • Standards IS09471 • User’s task • Usability • Cost-effectiveness • Metrics. Empirical • Design • Enjoyment

  16. ‘Usability’ as applied ethics • Kant’s categorical imperative • Reciprocity • Help lines? • Bug reports? • User participation? (evaluation…)

  17. Kant • Criterion • Some ‘nice’ principles • E.g., reciprocity, universalisability

  18. Küng’s 6 rules • Solving problems: don’t create greater problems • Burden of proof: demonstrate avoids human or environmental damage • Common good: e.g., benefits the community, for a period • Urgency: e.g., survival more important than privacy

  19. …continued • Ecology: system more important than individuals • Reversibility: system must be reversible, removable, not cause dependency

  20. Post-marxist critical theory • One dimensional man (Marcuse) • “I shop therefore I am” • Atomised (Lyotard) • What is choice/democracy when you have 500 channels of TV?

  21. What I want • Operational ethics • Bridge ‘knowing-doing gap’

  22. Justice • Distributive • Restorative • Punitive • Political

  23. Aristotle’s view • Doing good for others • Only virtue you can’t fake

  24. Justice by programming • Fair chocolate bar

  25. John Rawls • Justice • Veil of ignorance • Creating a just world • Creating a just system

  26. Conclusions • Ethics v politics • CS is politics • Get involved!

  27. Next lecture — Thursday 2pm An ethical debate on tags and tagging

  28. Where from? • Communitarian • Individual • Artificial

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