黃炳綜 輔仁大學化學系

1. 材料的世界 黃炳綜 輔仁大學化學系 November 17, 2011

2. Outline • Motivation for the material research • - problem solving • Requirements for material research • - fundamental theory • - material preparation • - characterization skill • - application • Materials • 4. Conclusions

3. Materials’ world • 1. Organic materials • - gas • - gasoline • - wax • - plastic • - fiber (bullet-proof vest) • - CNT, graphite, C60 • 2. Conducting polymers • - antistatic coating • - polymer light-emitting diodes • - polymer solar cells • - electrochromic windows • Nanomaterials • 4. Biomaterials • - biomarker • - cancer therapy (chemotherapy such as porphyrin)

4. Hydrocarbon materials

5. Morphology of alkanes Increased Mw

9. The world of Carbon Carbon NanoTube Graphene Fullerene (C60,C67,…)

10. Some Novel Attributes of Grapheneref: J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2010, 1, 572–580

11. Semi-conducting Polymers • Anti-static coating • Light-emitting diodes • Organic solar cells • Electrochromic Windows • Organic Thin Film Transistor • Radio Frequency Identification Device • ………

12. PLED Display Glass Electrode Seal Organic ITO Layer Glass Polarizer COLOUR FILTER BACKLIGHT PLED vs LCD Display

13. Benefits of OLED

14. Benefits of OLED

15. solar array solar cell solar module A solar cell is a device that convert solar energy into electricity.

17. Polymeric solar Cell active layer Si solar cell (P-type) (N-type) • Structure of Polymeric Solar Cell: 1. anode (ITO,PEDOT, Pani…..) 2. donor-acceptor [ light-harvesting materials (donor, p-type)+ electron acceptor (acceptor, n-type) ] 3. cathode (Al, LiF, Ca, Ba……) PEDOT-PSS

19. Electrochromic behavior of Polyaniline Blue Green 2A→2S=Green →Blue

20. transparent blue cations (M+, eg H+); anions (A-, eg HSO4-) An electrochromic window based on polyaniline / Tungsten oxide (a) bleached (a) bleached 30cm*30cm (b) colored (b) colored Source: J.-M. Yeh, CYCU Electrochimica Acta, 37, 1377, 1992.

21. Potential cycling of P(3HT-co-3TPP)-silica hybrid materials and P3HT coated on ITO electrode reduced form oxidized form

22. * Use of red, blue, and green ECPs in work from Sonmez et al. The different colors are obtained using mixtures of the polymers and by switching them between their two redox states * Spectroelectrochemistry of a thin film of blue ECP. The inset shows the variety of hues produced on application of various biases as reported by Sonmez et al.

23. * Prototype of smart sunglasses as constructed by Xu et al. A cell battery powers the switching process from (a) a deeply colored state to (b) a fully transparent state. (Ma, C.; Taya, M.; Xu, C. Polym. Eng. Sci. 2008, 48, 2224.)

24. 何謂『奈米科技』？ • 奈米科技」乃只製造奈米（10-9 m）尺度的功能材料、元件、或系統， • 並研究其特殊物理、化學、生物方面的特性與應用。 • 費因曼（R. Feynman）曾預言：「在極小（奈米）的領域裡有極大（發 • 揮）的空間（1959）。」 • 隨著年代STM（穿隧掃瞄顯微鏡）、AFM（原子力顯微鏡）、與各種電 • 子顯微鏡的發展，提供奈米科技所需的「眼睛」與「手指」。 原子直徑： 0.2奈米 DNA直徑： 2.5奈米 生物細胞： 1千奈米 針孔痕： 1百萬奈米 身高： 18億奈米 (Research and Perspective of Nanotechnology 2000)

27. Nanopatterning

28. Self-healing materials The autonomic-healing concept. A microencapsulated healing agent is embedded in a structural composite matrix containing a catalyst capable of polymerizing the healing agent. i: Cracks form in the matrix wherever damage occurs; ii: the crack ruptures the microcapsules, releasing the healing agent into the crack plane through capillary action; iii: the healing agent contacts the catalyst, triggering polymerization that bonds the crack faces closed. J. Chem. Edu.

29. Photolithagraphy (am  nm)

30. Conclusions Conclusions • Prepare yourself to meet the challenge. • Refresh yourself to create novel idea. • Be yourself to do what you like.