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Seeram Chapter 2A: Digital Arithmetic

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Seeram Chapter 2A: Digital Arithmetic

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    1. CT Seeram Chapter 2A: Digital Arithmetic

    2. The Bit Fundamental unit of computer storage Only 2 allowable values 0 1 Computers do all operations with 0s & 1s BUT Computers group bits together

    3. Popular Bit Groupings Bit (binary digit) Smallest binary unit; has value 0 or 1 only Byte 8 bits 28 = 256 unique values Word 16 bits 216 = 65536 unique values

    4. Special Binary Digit Grouping Terms Nibble 4 binary bits (0101) Byte 8 binary bits (1000 1011) Word 16 binary bits (1100 0100 1100 0101) Double Word 32 binary bits (1110 0100 0000 1011 0101 0101 1110 0101)

    5. # of values which can be represented by 1 bit

    6. # of values which can be represented by 2 bits

    7. # of values which can be represented by 3 bits

    8. # of values which can be represented by bits

    9. Base 10 485 means: 5 ones + 8 tens + 4 hundreds

    10. Base 10 vs. Base 2

    11. Base 10 vs. Base 2 1011 means: 1 one + 1 tens + 0 hundreds + 1 thousand

    12. Base 10 vs. Base 2 0000 0 0001 1 0010 2 0011 3 0100 4 0101 5 0110 6 0111 7

    13. Shortcut Nomenclature Grouping Binary digits Binary (base 2) #s are awkward (101100111010) Binary digits often grouped by 3s or 4s Grouping by 3s octal Grouping by 4s hexadecimal

    14. Shortcut Nomenclature Octal - Grouping by 3s Each group of 3 digits assigned its binary value

    15. Shortcut Nomenclature Octal - Grouping by 3s Octal Value is actually base 8

    16. Try this one! Base 2: 110001 Octal: ? Decimal: ?

    17. Shortcut Nomenclature Hexadecimal - Grouping by 4s Each group of 3 digits assigned its binary value

    18. Shortcut Nomenclature Hexadecimal - Grouping by 4s Hexadecimal is actually base 16

    19. Try this one! Base 2: 10010001 Hexadecimal: ? Decimal: ?

    20. Counting Bytes # bytes different from # of unique values for a byte Kilobyte 210 or 1024 bytes sometimes rounded to 1000 bytes Megabyte 213 or 1,048,576 bytes or 1024 kilobytes sometimes rounded to 1,000,000 bytes or 1,000 kilobytes

    21. How Computers Handle Text Each character assigned a # Assignment standards ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange EBCDIC Extended binary coded decimal interchange code

    22. ASCII Codes

    23. How Computers Handle Text An Example: George G 71 0100 0111 47 e 101 0110 0101 65 o 111 0110 1111 6F r 114 0111 0010 72 g 103 0110 0111 67 e 101 0110 0101 65

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