Drugs

1. Drugs

2. Generic vs Brand Name • Indication: • The reason why you would take a medication • e.g. an indication for ibuprofen is fever or inflammation • Contraindication: • The reason you should not take a medication • e.g. A contraindication for Accutane is pregnancy. • Adverse Effects • Side Effects that can occur if medication is taken • e.g. Adverse Effect of Tylenol is hepatotoxicity.

3. Names for a drug. • A pharmaceutical company spends millions of dollars and years developing a drug. • Once it has been approved by the FDA and is patented, only that company can produce that drug for 10 years. • The company will create a brand name for the drug (something that is catchy). • Once 20 years are over any company may produce that drug. It is called the generic. • Classic example is Ibuprofen (generic name) for Advil or Motrin (brand name).

4. Antibiotics (abx) • Hundreds of types-Most work by destroying the wall of bacteria • Cephalosporins • Duricef, Keflex, Omnicef, Rochephin • Macrolids (aka “mycins”)-Mostly used for respiratory infections • Erythromycin, Azythromycin (Z-Pak), Clarithromycin (Biaxin) • Sulfonamides (aka Sulfa) • Bactrim and Septra • Used commonly for UTIs and Skin Abscesses • Quinolones • Cipro and Levaquin are most common • Penicillin • Oldest abx • Amoxycillin, Ampicillin, Augmenting are common variations

5. Drugs • 1. Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid aka ASA) • Is an anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, and analgesic (pain) • However, causes stomach ulcers • Kids with a virus shouldn’t take it; Reyes Syndrome • 2. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) • Is a anti-pyretic and analgesic, but not an anti-inflammatory • 3. Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil) • Super great anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic and analgesic • It is an NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) • 4. Steroids (e.g. Prednisone) • Great anti-inflammatory, but not a anti-pyretic or analgesic • Long-term dangers • Non-drug therapy • R.I.C.E. (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation)

6. Pain Medications • Morphine • Made from opium, like heroine. • Commonly given IV or IM. • Hydrocodone and Oxycodone • Commonly mixed with Tylenol (Acetaminophen) in the brand names Vicodinand Lortab • Most commonly given orally • Both are highly addictive

7. Diabetes • 1.Insulin shots or pumps • Humulog and Novolog are most popular • 2. Metformin (Glucophage) is most commonly orally prescribed DM drug.

8. Hypertension • Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is oldest HTN drug • Norvasc • Ace Inhibitors are the most common • Diovan and Lisinopril are most ubiquitous • The “lols” are common as well. Metoprolol and Atenolol

9. Hyperlipidemia • High cholesterol drugs destroy the cells in your liver that make cholesterol. • The Statin family of drugs are the most common • Lipitor • Crestor • Simvastatin • Zocor

10. Water Retention • Diuretic, used for water retention • Lasix (Furosemide)

11. Blood Thinners • These drugs are given to people who have a hx of blood clots. • Used to prevent heart attack and strokes • Coumadin (Warfarin) is ancient. • Heparin • Plavix

12. Bradycardia • Used to speed up heart rate • Atropine • Epinephrine (Adrenaline)

13. Stomach Bug • Phenergan • Super-popular and ancient med given for nausea, anti-emesis. • Given orally, IM, and suppositories

14. Anti-inflammation • Non-steroidal • Ibuprofen (Motrin or Advil) • Naproxen (Aleve) • Both relieve pain, inflammation and fever • Steroids • Prednisone • Cortisone • These only reduce inflammation

15. Hypothyroidism • Synthroid (Levothyroxine) is drug of choice.

16. Muscle Relaxant • Valium (Diazepam) is classic drug • Makes you sleepy and is addictive • Comes from the Benzodiazepine family of drugs

17. Mental Health • Any medication that is used to alter your behavior is called a Psychotropic medication. • SSRI family (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) • Paxil • Prozac • Zoloft • They increase the amount of serotonin neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft between neurons • Adverse Effects: Homocidal and Suicidal ideation • SNRI family (Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors) • Slightly less side effects • Effexor • Cymbalta • SSRI and SNRIs used for depression, OCD, • Anxiety • Xanax is the main choice • Xanax is a benzo • Insomnia • Ambien- Night terrors, sexsomnia adverse effects • Lunesta • Soma

18. GERD • Most common drugs used for GERD and ulcers • Nexium • Prilosec (Omeprazole)

19. Others • Anti-virals (Mono, Herpes, Shingles,etc) • Valtrex • Acyclovir • Anti-fungals (Thrush, Athlete’s Foot, etc) • Nystatin • Bronchodilators (used for asthma treatment) • Albuterol inhaler • Singulair • Advair • Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) • Classic anti-histamine drug used to reduce inflammation • Makes you very sleepy

20. Top 10 Drugs • 1. Hydrocodone (combined with acetaminophen) -- 131.2 million prescriptions • 2. Generic Zocor (simvastatin), -- 94.1 million prescriptions • 3. Lisinopril , -- 87.4 million prescriptions • 4. Synthroid (levothyroxine sodium), -- 70.5 million prescriptions • 5. Norvasc (amlodipine besylate), 57.2 million prescriptions • 6. Prilosec (omeprazole), an antacid drug -- 53.4 million prescriptions (does not include over-the-counter sales) • 7. Azithromycin (brand names include Z-Pak and Zithromax), -- 52.6 million prescriptions • 8. Amoxicillin (various brand names) -- 52.3 million prescriptions • 9. Glucophage (metformin), -- 48.3 million prescriptions • 10. Hydrochlorothiazide (various brand names), 47.8 million prescriptions.

21. Name a Drug • Invent a drug with a brand name and generic • What is the drug for? What disease or organ system? • Invent indications and contraindications • Invent Adverse Effects (Death, 2nd Head Development, Diphallia). • Present powerpoint; afterwards you will make a skit/commercial for your drug similar to the ones you see on TV listing the aforementioned. • Be creative!