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Objective 5

Objective 5. The student will demonstrate an understanding of motion, forces and energy. 4. Science Concept Integrated Physics and Chemistry. The student knows the concept of force and motion evidence in everyday life. The student is expected to:

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Objective 5

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  1. Objective 5 The student will demonstrate an understanding of motion, forces and energy

  2. 4. Science ConceptIntegrated Physics and Chemistry • The student knows the concept of force and motion evidence in everyday life. The student is expected to: • Calculate speed, momentum, acceleration, work and power in systems such as in the human body, moving toys, and machines • Investigate and describe applications of Newton’s laws such as in vehicle constraints, sports activities, geological processes and satellite orbits • Investigate and demonstrate [mechanical advantage of] efficiency of various machines such as levers, motors, wheels and axles, pulleys and ramps

  3. 4B IPC C The frog leaps from its resting position at the lake’s bank onto a lily pad. If the frog has a mass of 0.5 kg and the acceleration of the leap is 3 m/s2, what is the force the frog exerts on the lake’s bank when leaping? 0.5 x 3 A 0.2 N B 0.8 N C 1.5 N D 6.0 N = 1.5 N

  4. 4A IPC D A ball moving at 30 m/s has a momentum of 15 kg.m/s. The mass of the ball is ___ A 45 kg B 15 kg C 2.0 kg D 0.5 kg Momentum divided by Velocity will give you the Mass So 15 divided by 30 = 0.5 kg

  5. 4A IPC B If a force of 100 newtons was exerted on an object and no work was done, the object must have --- 0 = 100 x d A accelerated rapidly B remained motionless C decreased it velocity D gained momentum It didn’t move What distance could be plugged in to get 0? 0 = 100 x 0 So what can you say about the distance the object traveled?

  6. 4A IPC A 10-04 How much work is performed when a 50 kg crate is pushed 15 m with a force of 20N? A 300 J B 750 J C 1,000 J D 15,000 J W = 20 x 15 300 = 20 x 15

  7. 4A IPC C 10-03 1.7 km/min 1.5 km/min 1.2 km/min 0.7 km/min The diagram represents the total travel of a teacher on a Saturday. Which part of the trip is made at the greatest average speed? A Q B R C S D T

  8. 4A IPC D 10-03 A car traveled 150 km in 2.5 hours. What was its average speed in km per hour? A 37.5 km/h B 450 km/h C 75 km/h D 60 km/h 150 divided by 2.5 = 60 km/hrs

  9. 4A IPC B 10-03 How much force is needed to accelerate a 1,300 kg car at a rate of 1.5 m/s2? 1300 x 1.5 A 867 N B 1,950 N C 8,493 N D 16,562 N = 1950 N

  10. 4A IPC C 11/04 A mechanic used a hydraulic lift to raise a 12,054 N car 1.89 m above the floor of a garage. It took 4.75 s to raise the car. What was the power output of the lift? Work = 12054 x 1.98 Work = 22782.06 A 489 W B 1815 W C 4796 W D 30,294 W P = 22782.06 divided by 4.75 seconds P = 4796.22 Round this number

  11. 4A IPC A 10/04 Which bike rider has the greatest momentum? A A 40 kg person riding at 45 km/h B A 50 kg person riding at 35 km/h C A 60 kg person riding at 25 km/h D A 70 kg person riding at 15 km/h 40 x 45 = 1800 50 x 35 = 1750 60 x 25 = 1500 70 x 15 = 1050

  12. 4A IPC C 11/05 A horizontal force of 600 N is used to push a box 8 m across a room. Which of these variables must be known to determine the power used in moving the box? To figure Power we need to divide the work by the Time We can figure Work because we know the force & distance A The weight of the box B The potential energy of the box C The time it takes to move the box D The length of the box

  13. 4A IPC A 11/04 Is the graphed line increasing, decreasing or staying the same? What number would represent no increase or decrease? According to this graph, what was the bicycle’s acceleration between 6 and 10 seconds? A 0.0 m/s2 B 0.65 m/s2 C 1.6 m/s2 D 6.5 m/s2

  14. 4A IPC D 11/05 A 0.50 kg ball with a speed of 4.0 m/s strikes a stationary 1.0 kg target. If momentum is conserved, what is the total momentum of the ball and target after the collision? A 0.0 kgm/s B 0.5 kgm/s C 1.0 kgm/s D 2.0 kgm/s

  15. A woman lifts a 57-newton weight a distance of 40 centimeters each time she does a particular exercise. It takes her 0.60 second to lift the weight. How much power does she supply for lifting the weight one time? 4A IPC c 11/06 A 24 W B 34 W C 38 W D 95 W 57 x 40 = 2280 to find Work 2280 divded by 0.60 seconds = 3800

  16. 4A IPC D 11/05 The speed of sound in human tissue is about 1600 m/s. If an ultrasound pulse takes 1.5 x 10-5s to travel through a tissue, what is the thickness of the tissue? A 2.4 km B 2.4 m C 23 cm D 24 mm

  17. 4A IPC D 11/05 Starting from rest at the center of a skating rink, two skaters push off from each other over a time period of 1.2 s. What is the force of the push by the smaller skater? A 16 N B 32 N C 88 N D 100 N

  18. 4A IPC JD 11/05 The table contains data for two wrecking balls being used to demolish a building. What is the difference in momentum between the two wrecking balls? A 300 kgm/s B 200 kgm/s C 150 kgm/s D 0 kgm/s

  19. 4A IPC C 11/06 The table above shows experimental data collected when four cars moved along a straight-line path. According to these data, which car moved with a constant acceleration of 2 m/s2? A Car Q B Car R C Car S D Car T

  20. 4A IPC D 11/06 A cyclist moves at a constant speed of 5 m/s. If the cyclist does not accelerate during the next 20 seconds, he will travel --- A 0 m B 4 m C 50 m D 100m

  21. 4A IPC JD 11/06 What is the net force exerted on a 90.0 kg race-car driver while the race car is accelerating from 0 to 44.7 m/s in 4.50 s? A 9.8 N B 20 N C 201 N D 894 N

  22. 4A IPC HC 11/06 An advertisement claims that a certain truck has the most powerful engine in its class. If the engine has more power, which of the following can the truck’s engine do, compared to every other engine in its class? A Produce fewer emissions B Operate more efficiently C Perform work faster D accelerate longer

  23. 4A IPC B 10/06 A driver traveled 270 km in 3 hours. The driver’s destination was still 150 km away. What was the driver’s average speed at this point? A 40 km/h B 90 km/h C 140 km/h D 420 km/h

  24. 4A IPC D 11/06 A 0.50 kg ball with a speed of 4.0 m/s strikes a stationary 1.0 kg target. If momentum is conserved, what is the total momentum of the ball and target after the collision? A 0.0 kgm/s B 0.5 kgm/s C 1.0 kgm/s D 2.0 kgm/s **duplicate – change data and correct answer

  25. 4A IPC B 10/06 A person pushes a large box across a level floor by applying a horizontal force of 200 N. If the person pushes the box a distance of 5 meters in 10 seconds, how much work does the person do on the box? A 2000 joules B 1000 joules C 400 joules D 100 joules

  26. 4A IPC B 11/06 A 1-kilogram ball has a kinetic energy of 50 joules. The velocity of the ball is --- A 5 m/s B 10 m/s C 25 m/s D 50 m/s

  27. 4A IPC HC 11/06 The 500 g cart is moving in a straight line at a constant speed of 2 m/s. Which of the following must to 250 g toy car have in order to maintain the same momentum as the cart? A An acceleration of 5 m/s2 for 2 seconds B A potential energy of 20 J C A constant velocity of 4 m/s D An applied force of 5 N for 5 seconds

  28. 4A IPC D 10-04 An ant crawled from point A to Point B in 4.0 seconds. TO the nearest tenth, what was the ant’s speed? A 4.7 cm/s B 1.175 cm/s B 1.18 cm/s D 1.2 cm/s

  29. 4A IPC HC 11/04 The weight lifter used a force of 980 N to raise the barbell over her head in 5.21 seconds. Approximately how much work did she do in raising the barbell? A 380 L B 982 J C 2,000 J D 10,000 J

  30. 4B IPC A 10/03 Toy Car Speed The table shows time required for the same toy car to travel 10 m across an identical section of a floor after it is pushed. The difference in times was probably caused by differences in --- A force exerted B surface friction C air resistance D car mass

  31. 4B IPC D 11/06 A hockey player pushed a puck toward the opposite side of a level ice rink. The player expected the puck to continue all the way across the ice, but the puck slowed and stopped before reaching the other side. Which of these best explains why the puck failed to slide all the way to the opposite side? A The puck’s temperature changed. B An upward force acted on the puck. C The puck’s momentum remained unchanged. D An opposing force acted on the puck.

  32. 4B IPC C 11/04 Which of these is the best description of the action-reaction force pair when the space shuttle lifts off from the launchpad? A The ground pushes the rocket up while exhaust gases push down on the ground. B Exhaust gases push down on air while the air pushes up on the rocket. C The rocket pushes exhaust gases down while the exhaust gases push the rocket up. D Gravity pulls the rocket exhaust down while friction pushes up against the atmosphere.

  33. 4B IPC 630 11/06 Car velocity = 6.3 m/s Driver velocity = 6.3 m/s Driver mass = 100 kg Car velocity = 0 m/s Driver velocity = 6.3 m/s Driver mass = 100 kg Car velocity = 0 m/s Driver velocity = m/s Driver mass = 100 kg The pictures show how an air bag functions in a collision. How much momentum in kg m/s does the air bag absorb from the crash-test dummy if all the crash-test dummy’s momentum is absorbed by the air bag?

  34. 4B IPC C 11/05 Ancient Greeks and Science The ancient Greeks developed a set of assumptions, based on observations to explain how the universe works. These observations led the Greeks to believe that the universe was composed of four elements: earth, water, fire, and air. The “theory of natural place” was based on their observations of those four elements. The theory stated that anything not in its natural place would move toward its natural place as soon as an opportunity arose. The theory of natural place was the foundation for the modern understanding of the elements. The following chart describes some observations and assumptions made by the ancient Greeks.

  35. 4B IPC C 11/05 A leaf from an apple tree falls to the ground more slowly than an apple falls. As an explanation of this observation, the ancient Greeks’ theory of the natural place has been replaced by a more recent theory involving gravitational force and --- A atomic weight B inertial mass C air resistance D kinetic energy

  36. 4B IPC 11/05 Soap-Making Project • Materials • 125 mL cooking oil • 100 mL H2O • 10 g NaOH • Safety goggles • Apron • 500 mL beaker • Stirring rod • Procedures: • Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and mix thoroughly. • Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly. • Stir until paste forms. • Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days. • Remove the solid bar from the mold. Caution: Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for washing floors and tools only.

  37. 4B IPC B 11/05 Soap-Making Project • Materials • 125 mL cooking oil • 100 mL H2O • 10 g NaOH • Safety goggles • Apron • 500 mL beaker • Stirring rod • Procedures: • Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and mix thoroughly. • Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly. • Stir until paste forms. • Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days. • Remove the solid bar from the mold. A wet bar of soap slides 1 meter across a wet tile floor without appearing to slow down. Which of these statements explains why the bar of soap fails to slow down? • A constant force on an object produces a constant positive acceleration. • An object in motion tends to remain in motion in the absence of an external force. • A moving object having constant velocity contains kinetic energy. • An object’s weight is proportional to its mass. Caution: Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for washing floors and tools only.

  38. 4B IPC D 11/05 The picture above shows the direction in which water leaves the scallop’s shell. Which picture below shows the direction the scallop will move?

  39. 4B IPC D 11/04 Which factor would most likely cause a communications satellite orbiting Earth to return to Earth from its orbit? A An increase in the satellite’s forward momentum B An increase in solar energy striking the satellite C A decrease in the satellite’s size D A decrease in the satellite’s velocity

  40. 4B IPC GB 11/06 When the air is released from a balloon, the air moves in one direction, and the balloon moves in another direction. Which statement does this situation best illustrate? A What goes up must come down. B For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. C The shape and size of an object affect air resistance. D The acceleration due to Earth’s gravity is 9.8 m/s2.

  41. 4B IPC GB 11/06 Which of these would cause the gravitational force between Earth and the sun to decrease? A An increase in the length of a day on Earth B An increase in the distance between Earth and the sun C An increase in the number of planets orbiting the sun D An increase in the masses of Earth and the sun

  42. 4B IPC GB 10/06 C A D B Which graph can represent an object at rest?

  43. 4B IPC FA 11/04 After shooting a cannonball, a cannon recoils with a much lower velocity than the cannonball. This is primarily because, compared to the cannonball, the cannon has a --- A much greater mass B smaller amount of momentum C greater kinetic energy D smaller force applied to it

  44. 4B IPC B 490N 11/04 How many newtons of force does a 50.0 kg deer exert on the ground because of gravity? A 49.0N B 490N C 59.8N D 1470N

  45. 4B IPC D 10-04 The illustration above shows a student about to throw a ball while standing on a skateboard. Which illustration below correctly shows the skateboard’s direction of motion after the student releases the ball?

  46. 4D IPC GB The diagram shows an electric motor lifting a 6 N block a distance of 3 m. The total amount of electrical energy used by the motor is 30 J. How much energy does the motor convert to heat? A 9 J B 12 J C 18 J D 21 J

  47. 4D IPC GB 11/04 What is the efficiency of an air conditioner if there is a work input of 320 J and a work output of 80 J? A 4% B 25% C 240% D 400%

  48. 4D IPC FA 11/04 A B C D Which lever arrangement requires the least effort to raise a 500 N resistance?

  49. 4D IPC HC 11/06 Which configuration of pulleys and belts shown below will result in the fastest rotation of spindle 2? A B C D

  50. 4D IPC C 11/06 Which of these represents a properly balanced system?

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