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Le Passé Composé

Understand the French passé composé, a compound tense composed of an auxiliary verb and past participle. Learn how to form past participles in French for regular and irregular verbs. Discover when to use the auxiliary verbs 'avoir' and 'être' and how to make the past participle agree with the subject in gender and number. Practice reflexive verbs in passé composé and improve your French grammar skills.

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Le Passé Composé

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  1. Le Passé Composé • This is a COMPOUND tense • Just like in English, this tense is composed of TWO elements: AUXILIARY VERB + PAST PARTICIPLE (Verbeauxiliaire) + (Participe passé) Ex: We have eaten You have written

  2. How to form a Past Participle in French… • We already know that there are THREE families of regular verbs in French: -ER, -IR, -RE • To form the Past participle, remove the –ER, -IR, -RE endings and add -É, -I, -U Example: -ER -IR -RE manger finir entendre MANGÉFINIENTENDU

  3. In French we need to determine which AUXILIARY VERB we need: In French we have TWO auxiliary verbs:AVOIR& ÊTRE To determine which verb to use in French, we have to understand the concept of TRANSITIVE & INTRANSITIVE verbs: • TRANSITIVE = a verb that CAN take a DIRECT OBJECT (Ex: To eat – we can eat something) 2. INTRANSITIVE = a verb that CANNOT take a DIRECT OBJECT (Ex: To arrive – we cannot arrive something)

  4. Les VerbesIntransitifs en français:DR. & MRS. P. VAN DER TRAMP DESCENDRE ** (= to descend, go down, take down) RESTER (= to stay) & MONTER** (= to climb, get into, take up) RETOURNER (= to return, go back) SORTIR** (= to leave, go out, take out) PASSER** (= to spend time, take an exam, swing by) VENIR* (= to come) IRREGULAR PAST PARTICIPLE: VENU ALLER (= to go) NAÎTRE* (= to be born) IRREGULAR PAST PARTICIPLE: NÉ DEVENIR * (= to become) IRREGULAR PAST PARTICIPLE: DEVENU ENTRER (= to enter) RENTRER (= to go back home) TOMBER (= to fall) REVENIR (= to come back) IRREGULAR PAST PARTICIPLE: REVENU ARRIVER (= to arrive) MOURIR* (= to die) IRREGULAR PAST PARTICIPLE: MORT PARTIR (= to leave, depart) **these verbs can take either AVOIR or ÊTRE as they can be used either TRANSITIVELY or INTRANSITIVELY

  5. Agreement of the Past Participle of verbs that take ÊTRE: The past participle of verbs that take ÊTRE must always agree in number and gender with the subject: Example: VENIR (= to come) Jesuisvenu(e) (the JE could be feminine) Tuesvenu(e) (the TU could be feminine) Ilestvenu Elleestvenue (MUST add the –E) Noussommesvenu(e)s (MUST add the –S but could all be feminine, so –E is optional) Vousêtesvenu(e)(s) (4 potential options here!) Ilssontvenus(MUST add the –S) Ellessontvenues (MUST add the –ES)

  6. Reflexive Verbs in Passé Composé (les Verbes Réfléchis au Passé Composé) • Reflexive Verbs ALWAYS take ÊTRE in the Passé Composé • Because of this the PAST PARTICIPLE (le Participe Passé) MUST agree in NUMBER & GENDER with the SUBJECT: Ex: Sophie et Julie se sont lavées (we add –ES because the subject, Sophie and Julie, is FEMININE and PLURAL) • However, IF there is a DIRECT OBJECT with a Reflexive Verb (usually a BODY PART) then there is NO AGREEMENT of the Past Participle (because the Direct Object comes AFTER the verb) Ex: Les filles se sont lavéES Les filles se sontlavéles cheveux (there is NO agreement here because LES CHEVEUX, a body part, comes AFTER the verb)

  7. Let’s do some practice! PRATIQUONS! Write the following sentences in FRENCH: • The boys woke up • The girls washed their hair • The children brushed their teeth • I got dressed • Y’all washed your hands The next slide has the answers + explanations…

  8. Answers! Les réponses! 1. The boys woke up = Les garçons se sontréveillés(we use SONT from the ILS form of ÊTRE, and we add –S because it is masculine plural) • The girls washed their hair = Les filles se sontlavé les cheveux(we use SONT from the ELLES form of ÊTRE, and we add NOTHING because the direct object is a body part and comes AFTER the verb) • The children brushed their teeth = Les enfants se sontbrossé les dents (we use SONT from the ILS form of ÊTRE, and we add NOTHING because the direct object is a body part and comes AFTER the verb) • I got dressed = Je me suishabillé(e) (we use SUIS from the JE form of ÊTRE, and we add EITHER NOTHING because the JE is masculine, OR we add –E because the JE is feminine) • Y’all washed your hands = Vousvousêteslavé les mains (we use ÊTES from the VOUS form of ÊTRE, and we add NOTHING because the direct object is a body part and comes AFTER the verb)

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