Future Forms

1. Future Forms Unit 5: An eye to the future Headway Upper-intermediate • Le Thi Yen Nhu • Vo Le Hoang Oanh

2. Contents • Future simple and be going to • Present continuous for the future and Be going to • Present simple for the future • Future continuous • Future perfect • Future perfect continuous • Exercises

3. Future simple/Be going to Future simple Be going to will/shall + V (infinitive) am/is/are going to + V (inf)

4. Usage Will or be going to is used to express future time. • He will finish his work tomorrow. • He is going to finish his work tomorrow. To express a prediction – either will or be going to is used. • Be careful! You will hurt yourself! • Watch out! You are going to hurt yourself.

5. Usage To express a prior plan – only be going to is used • A: Why did you buy this paint? B: I am going to paint my bedroom tomorrow. • I talked to Bod yesterday. He is tired of taking the bus to work. He is going to buy a car. That’s what he told me.

6. Usage To express willingness – only will is used • A: The phone’s ringing. B: I will get it. • A: I don’t understand this problem. B: Ask your teacher about it. She will help you.

7. The present continuous and going to + infinitive are used to talk about future plans • She’s making a speech at the conference next week. • Are you seeing John this week? (= do you have arrangement to see him?) am/is/are + V-ing To emphasize that we are talking about a definite arrangement, we prefer the present continuous • They are leaving from Frankfurt airport at 6.30 pm. (rather than They are going to leave… )

8. Not use present continuous When we make or report predictions about activities or events over which we have no control (we can’t arrange these) • I think it’s going to rain/ ‘ll rain soon. (not I think it’s raining soon) • Scientists say that the satellite is going to fall/ will fall to Earth sometime this afternoon. (not … the satellite is falling…)

9. Not use present continuous When we talk about permanent future situations • People are going to live/ will live longer in the future. (not … are living…) • The brothers are going to own/ will own most of the buildings in the street before long. (not … owning…)

10. Not use Be going to We tend to avoid going to + go and use the present continuous form for go instead: • I’m going to town on Saturday. (rather than I’m going to go to town…) • Alice is going to university next year.(rather than … is going to go to university…)

11. We use present simple when we talk about future events that are parts of some OFFICIAL ARRANGEMENT such as a timetable or a programme • Their plane arrives at 2 o’clock in the morning. • The next meeting of the committee is on November 5th. S + V (s/es)

12. Present simple We use the present simple to refer to the future, not will, in adverbial clauses introduced by time conjunctions such as after, before, when, and until: • After you go another 50 meters, you will see a path to your left. • When you see Dennis, tell him he still owes me some money. • Wait here until I call you.

13. Present simple And additional clauses with if, unless, in case, and provided: • Let me know if he says anything interesting. • Provided the right software is available, I should be able to solve the problem. • I will bring a compass in case we get lost.

14. The Future continuous expresses an activity that will be in progress at a time in the future. • Next Friday, the President will be celebrating ten years in power. • The plane will be travelling at twice the speed of sound when it passes overhead. will/shall + V-ing

15. We use the future perfect to say that something will be ended, completed or achieved by a particular point in the future. • Let’s hope the volcanic eruption will have finished before we arrive on the island. • Although people are now angry about what he did, I’m sure re that his behavior will soon have been forgotten. (=passive form) will/shall + have + PP

16. We can use the perfect continuous to emphasize how long something has been going on by a particular point in the future. • On Saturday, we will have been living in this house for a year. • Next year I will have been working in the company for 30 years. will/shall + have been + V-ing

17. Exercises Choose will or be going to to complete these sentences : • Get out of the building ! It sounds like the generator ___________explode. • Tim ___________retire early before he reaches 65. He mentioned it at the meeting recently. • ‘I think I _____ walk home across the park.’ ’That’s a good idea.’ • Next year, no doubt, more people ______ enter the competition as the prize money increases. • Don’t sit in that bench, I ___________ paint it. is going to is going to will will am going to

18. Matching a. are going to have dinner b. is going to collapse c. am going to be sick d. will meet e. will have • I’m not feeling well. In fact, I think I ______! • ‘Can we meet at 10.00 outside the station?’ ‘ Okay. I ______ you there. • I’m sure you ______a good time staying with Richard. • We _____ with Tom tonight. He has us to be there at 7.00. • I wouldn’t walk across that old street if I were you It looks like it _____. c d e a b

19. Thanks for your attention!