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GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE

GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE. How old is the earth?. 4.6 Billion years old How old is that?. Who Wants to Be a Billionaire?. How long would it take for you to become a billionaire?.

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GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE

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  1. GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE

  2. How old is the earth? • 4.6 Billion years old • How old is that?

  3. Who Wants to Be a Billionaire? • How long would it take for you to become a billionaire?

  4. Let's say that you are trying to save $1,000,000,000 dollars and you are able to save your money at a rate of $100 per day. • 1,000,000,000 divided by 100 (dollars saved per day) = 10,000,000 days • 10,000,000 days divided by 365 (days per year) = 27,397.26 years to reach $1 billion • .

  5. It will take a pretty long time to reach your goal! In fact, you would never get there in your lifetime. • If you, and one descendent per generation, saved $100 every day, and each of you lived for 90 years, it would take you and 304 generations of your descendants to save up one billion dollars

  6. Let's say that your friend decides to count to 1 billion. How long will it take her?

  7. She will be able to say the small numbers like 4 or 31 fairly rapidly, but most of the numbers between one and a billion are long and challenging to pronounce. • When she starts counting the larger numbers like 467,051,372 she is really going to slow down • (how long does it take you to say four hundred and sixty-seven million, fifty-one thousand, three hundred and seventy-two?).

  8. If we allow your friend just 3 seconds to say each number, which is probably faster than most of us could manage, and she takes no breaks at all, it will take her 3 billion seconds to finish counting.

  9. 3 billion seconds divided by 60 (seconds per minute) = 50,000,000 minutes • 50,000,000 minutes divided by 60 (minutes per hour) = 833,333.333 hours • 833,333.333 hours divided by 24 (hours per day) = 34,722.22 days • 34,722.22 days divided by 365 (days per year) =

  10. 95.1 years is how long it will take your friend to count to 1 billion

  11. http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/education/explorations/tours/geotime/gtiframe.htmlhttp://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/education/explorations/tours/geotime/gtiframe.html

  12. The history of the earth is broken up into a set of divisions for describing geologic time. • the generally accepted divisions are • eon • era • period • epoch • age

  13. In the time scale shown at left, only the two highest levels of this hierarchy are represented.

  14. 4.6 billion years ago, the Earth was born. • Stand with your arms held out to each side and let the extent of the earth's history be represented by the distance from the tips of your fingers on your left hand to the tips of the fingers on your right.

  15. Now, if someone were to run a file across the fingernail of your right middle finger, then the time that humans have been on the earth would be erased.

  16. PRECAMBRIAN

  17. PRECAMBRIAN • SO LONG AGO… • We know little due to deformation of rock layers. • Large areas of Precambrian rock exposed are called shields. North America’s is called the Canadian shield.

  18. Precambrian life • Fossils are rare • Simple organisms with soft bodies • Volcanic activity heat and pressure “erased” the fossil evidence. • Stromatolites blue-green algae were common.

  19. Paleozoic Era

  20. Paleozoic Era: Life • trilobites Brachiopods are marine animals that, upon first glance, look like clams

  21. Paleozoic • Lots of fossils • Trilobites index fossil • Invertebrates, worms, jellyfish, snails vertebrates appear • Fish, amphibians • Insects • reptiles

  22. Mesozoic Era

  23. Mesozoic Erathe age of the reptiles

  24. Dinosaurs and other archosaurs, such as the pterosaurs, dominated the land biota. . .

  25. Impact theory • No dinosaurs found after the cretaceous- tertiary • What happened? • Possible impact hypothesis

  26. Cenozoic Age of the Mammals

  27. Cenozoic • The continents moved to their current positions. • Alps Himalayas formed • Small rodents, early horse, and bats • Ice cap formed • Land bridges formed Ice age • Early ancestors to humans fossils found

  28. Page 212

  29. Precambrian started 4,600 million years ago 4,600 to 542 ma lasting 4058 million years We rounded this to 4060 million years or if 1cm = 10 million years 406.0 cm for our lab

  30. 9.8 cm 542-444=98 or 9.8 is the distance the line goes for Ordovician away from the Precambrian line 542-488=54 or 5.4 cm for our lab for the distance away from the Precambrian

  31. Event Age (years) Modern man evolves 10,000 • Neanderthal man evolves 100,000 • Man discovers fire 500,000 • Ice Ages begin 1,000,000 • Oldest stone tools 1,600,000 • Man evolves 4,000,000 • Horses evolve 50,000,000 • Dinosaurs die 65,000,000 • First flowers 150,000,000 • First mammals 200,000,000 • Opening of Atlantic Ocean 240,000,000

  32. First reptiles 300,000,000 • First trees 350,000,000 • First land plants 440,000,000First fish 500,000,000First clams and snails 570,000,000Oxygen-rich atmosphere 2,500,000,000First life: bacteria 3,500,000,000Oldest rocks on earth 3,900,000,000Oldest Moon rocks 4,300,000,000Earth forms 4,600,000,000

  33. Making a Geologic Time Line • Procedure : Use this lab sheet and read the directions carefully to complete the activity. • 1. Cut a strip of adding machine tape so it is 5 meters long • 2. Arrange the paper so that it is in a landscape direction. • 3. In the top left corner, make a scale. Label the scale: 1 cm = 10 million years • 4. Starting on the left side of the paper, measure 5 cm, to the right of the line, and make a vertical mark. Label this mark with the word -Today. • 5. From this mark, measure 1 meter to the right of this line and make a vertical mark. • Label this mark 1 billion years. Measure and mark each meter after that up to 4 meters or 4 billion years from today. Now, measure 60 cm to make the total length of the time line 4.6 meters. Mark and label this distance 4.6 billion years (The Beginning of Time). • 6. Using the chart below, label the year and name of each era on your geologic time scale. • Using the scale 1 cm = 10 million years, measure the distance to each era from Today by using the following information. • Eras • a. Cenozoic Era = 65 million years ago = ______________ cm from Today • b. Mesozoic Era = 245 million years ago = ______________ cm from Today • c. Paleozoic Era = 545 million years ago = ______________ cm from Today • d. Precambrian Era = 4.6 billion years ago = ______________ cm from Today • 8. Label the major events of each era on your geologic time scale by using the basic geologic time scale as a guide. Write in each of the major events from the geologic time scale. • 9. Draw and color one or two organisms that were prevalent during each time period. Use your book to fine these

  34. Review questions • Chapter 8 page 202 • #8,10,11,12,13,14,16,18,19,20,29,33,35 • Chapter 9 page 228 • # 8,9,10,14,15,17,22,31,32

  35. Chapter 8 • #8,10,11,12,13,14,16,18,19,20,29,33,35

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