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The Road Towards Reduced-Risk Insecticides

The Road Towards Reduced-Risk Insecticides. Selective Targeting of Insect Physiology Understanding The Connections Between Environmental Exposures and Human Disease. Traditional Insecticides: Low Target Selectivity. Affect Common Systems Major target: Nervous system

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The Road Towards Reduced-Risk Insecticides

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  1. The Road Towards Reduced-Risk Insecticides • Selective Targeting of Insect Physiology • Understanding The Connections Between Environmental Exposures and Human Disease

  2. Traditional Insecticides: Low Target Selectivity • Affect Common Systems • Major target: Nervous system • Other targets: mitochondria • Risk to Non-Target Organisms • Beneficial insects • Fish, mammals • Humans

  3. Insecticides that Target the Nervous System • Organochlorines • DTT, lindane, cyclodienes • alter ion permeabilities of nerve membranes • Organophosphates and Carbamates • malathion, parathion, cabaryl • inhibit acetylcholinesterase and increase levels of acetylcholine

  4. Insecticides that Target the Mitochondria • Rotenone • Inhibits mitochondrial electron transport at complex I

  5. Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Award Development of Bisacylhydrazine Insecticides by Rohm and Haas Company

  6. Bisacylhydrazine Insecticides: Targeting Insect Physiology • Insect growth requires “molting” • Molting is regulated by the levels of 20E • Bisacylahydrazine insecticides are stable agonists of the 20E receptor • Bisacylhydrazine insecticides cause a “lethal molt”

  7. Is Targeting Insect Physiology Enough? 1. What are the connections between environmental exposures and human diseases? 2. Do insecticides affect long-term human health by mechanisms that are unrelated to acute toxicity?

  8. Insecticides Affect Functions Important for Long-Term Health • Mitochondrial Electron Transport • Insecticides inhibit electron transport; an effect that has been linked to Parkinson’s Disease-like symptoms • A primary target of rotenone but an additional target of organophosphates? • Detoxification by CYP Monooxygenases • Insecticides including organophosphates may adversely affect detoxification systems • Endocrine Disruption • Links to cancers and reproductive disorders?

  9. Continuing on The Road Towards Reduced-Risk Insectides • Targeting the unique physiology of insects • Understanding the effects of insecticides on physiological functions important for long-term human health

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